Aerobo darbaspēju noteikšanas objektivitāte ar kāpņveidīgi pieaugošu slodžu testiem basketbolistiem veterāniem
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Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte
Rīga Stradiņš University
Rīga Stradiņš University
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Pētījuma tēma ir “Aerobo darbaspēju noteikšanas iespējas un objektivitāte ar kāpņveidīgi pieaugošu slodžu testiem dažāda vecuma un fiziskās sagatavotības cilvēkiem”. Maksimālā skābekļa patēriņa (VO2max) noteikšana iegūst ar vien lielāku lomu gan ar sportu saistītās, gan veselības aprūpes jomās. Tas ļauj izsekot kardiorespiratorajai veselībai un ir marķieris sirds asinsvadu slimību profilaksē un uzraudzībā. VO2max noteikšanā visprecīzākais atdzīts kardiopulminārais slodzes tests (KPST), kas ir dārgs, nepieciešama augsti kvalificēta personāla iesaiste un tests prasa maksimālu fizisku piepūli, līdz ar to ne visiem pieejams un izpildāms(Harber et all, 2024).
Izstrādāti dažādi netieši, submaksimālas slodzes testi (SST) un metodes kardiorespiratoro spēju noteikšanai, kas balstīti uz sirdsdarbības frekvences izmaiņām slodzes laikā. Tomēr literatūrā ir samērā maz datu par šo testu objektivitāti un precizitāti specifiskām populācijām. Šī pētījuma mērķis bija izstrādāt metodiku iespējami precīzai VO2max noteikšanai ar kāpņveidīgi pieaugošas veloergometrijas slodzes testu fiziski aktīviem basketbola veterāniem, izmantojot dažādas formulas maksimālās sirdsdarbības frekvences (MaxSF) noteikšanai.
Pētījumā piedalījās 59 Latvijas iedzīvotāji, vīrieši basketbolisti veterāni vecumā no 51-81 gadam (vidēji 64 gadi, SD - 7,5 gadi). VO2max noteikšanai tika veikti testi: KPST, Astrand–Rhyming uz Monark Ergomedic 839E veloergometra, YMCA protokola un jaunās formulas SST uz Concept 2 BikeErg, izmantojot trīs pakāpju slodzes datus un pulsa frekvences.
Salīdzinot KPST ar populārākajiem netiešajiem VO₂max novērtēšanas testiem, tika konstatēta ievērojama atšķirība — netiešo testu sistemātiskā kļūda (bias) svārstījās no –0,386 līdz –5,70 ml/kg/min, bet absolūtā kļūda (ABS) no 4,17 līdz 6,86 ml/kg/min. Izstrādātā jaunā metodika, kur VO₂max tiek aprēķināts, izmantojot lineārās regresijas vienādojumu, uzrādīja vismazāko sistemātisko kļūdu (bias = 0,006 ± 3,81) un zemāko ABS (2,73 ± 2,62 ml/kg/min), kā arī augstu korelāciju ar KPST (r = 0,759; p < 0,001). Starp MaxSF aprēķina metodēm visprecīzākie rezultāti iegūti, izmantojot tiešo MaxSF un formulu “218,7 – vecums”.
Izstrādātā SST formula sasniedza zemāko sistemātisko un absolūto kļūdu starp visām netiešajām metodēm, salīdzinot ar KPST iegūto VO2max. Salīdzinot dažādas MaxSF noteikšanas metodes, precīzākos rezultātus uzrādīja formula “218,7 – vecums”, ar augstāku korelāciju un zemāku kļūdu nekā biežāk izmantotās formulas (“220 – vecums”, u.c.). Tomēr submaksimālie Astrand un YMCA testi demonstrēja salīdzinoši augstāku kļūdu līmeni un mērenu korelāciju ar tiešajiem mērījumiem.
Atslēgvārdi: VO₂max, submaksimālais tests, veloergometrs, kardiovaskulāras slimības, Astrand, YMCA.
The topic of the study is “Assessment and Objectivity of Aerobic Capacity Using Incremental Load Tests on Individuals of Different Ages and Physical Fitness Levels.”. The determination of maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max ) is gaining increasing importance in both sports-related and healthcare fields. It allows tracking cardiorespiratory health and is a marker in the prevention and monitoring of cardiovascular disease. The most accurate test for VO2max is the Cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET), which requires maximal physical effort and is not accessible and feasible for all (Harber et all, 2024). Various submaximal exercise tests and methods have been developed to measure cardiorespiratory fitness based on changes in heart rate during exercise. However, there is relatively little data in the literature on the objectivity and accuracy of these tests in specific populations. The aim of this study was to develop a methodology for the most accurate determination of VO2max with a step-ascending cycle ergometry exercise test in physically active basketball veterans, using different formulas to determine maximal heart rate (MaxHR). The study included 59 Latvian male veteran basketball players aged 51-81 years (mean 64 years, SD 7.5 years). The following tests were performed to determine VO2max : CPET, Astrand-Rhyming on Monark Ergomedic 839E cycle ergometer, YMCA protocol and new formula on Concept 2 BikeErg incremental step exercise test. Comparison of the direct gas analysis method with the most popular indirect tests for VO₂max estimation revealed a significant difference, with the systematic error (bias) of the indirect tests ranging from -0.386 to -5.70 ml/kg/min and the absolute error (ABS) from 4.17 to 6.86 ml/kg/min. The new methodology developed, where VO₂max is calculated using a linear regression equation, showed the lowest systematic error (bias = 0.006 ± 3.81) and lowest ABS (2.73 ± 2.62 ml/kg/min), as well as a high correlation with CPET (r = 0.759; p < 0.001). Among the methods for calculating MaxHR, the most accurate results were obtained using direct MaxHR and the formula “218.7 - age”. The submaximal stress test (SST) formula developed, achieved the lowest systematic and absolute error among all indirect methods. When comparing the different methods for determining MaxSF, the formula “218.7 - age” showed the most accurate results, with a higher correlation and lower error than the traditionally used formulas (“220 - age”, etc.). However, the submaximal Astrand and YMCA tests showed relatively higher error rates and moderate correlation with direct measurements. Keywords: VO₂max, submaximal test, cycle ergometer, cardiovascular diseases, Astrand, YMCA.
The topic of the study is “Assessment and Objectivity of Aerobic Capacity Using Incremental Load Tests on Individuals of Different Ages and Physical Fitness Levels.”. The determination of maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max ) is gaining increasing importance in both sports-related and healthcare fields. It allows tracking cardiorespiratory health and is a marker in the prevention and monitoring of cardiovascular disease. The most accurate test for VO2max is the Cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET), which requires maximal physical effort and is not accessible and feasible for all (Harber et all, 2024). Various submaximal exercise tests and methods have been developed to measure cardiorespiratory fitness based on changes in heart rate during exercise. However, there is relatively little data in the literature on the objectivity and accuracy of these tests in specific populations. The aim of this study was to develop a methodology for the most accurate determination of VO2max with a step-ascending cycle ergometry exercise test in physically active basketball veterans, using different formulas to determine maximal heart rate (MaxHR). The study included 59 Latvian male veteran basketball players aged 51-81 years (mean 64 years, SD 7.5 years). The following tests were performed to determine VO2max : CPET, Astrand-Rhyming on Monark Ergomedic 839E cycle ergometer, YMCA protocol and new formula on Concept 2 BikeErg incremental step exercise test. Comparison of the direct gas analysis method with the most popular indirect tests for VO₂max estimation revealed a significant difference, with the systematic error (bias) of the indirect tests ranging from -0.386 to -5.70 ml/kg/min and the absolute error (ABS) from 4.17 to 6.86 ml/kg/min. The new methodology developed, where VO₂max is calculated using a linear regression equation, showed the lowest systematic error (bias = 0.006 ± 3.81) and lowest ABS (2.73 ± 2.62 ml/kg/min), as well as a high correlation with CPET (r = 0.759; p < 0.001). Among the methods for calculating MaxHR, the most accurate results were obtained using direct MaxHR and the formula “218.7 - age”. The submaximal stress test (SST) formula developed, achieved the lowest systematic and absolute error among all indirect methods. When comparing the different methods for determining MaxSF, the formula “218.7 - age” showed the most accurate results, with a higher correlation and lower error than the traditionally used formulas (“220 - age”, etc.). However, the submaximal Astrand and YMCA tests showed relatively higher error rates and moderate correlation with direct measurements. Keywords: VO₂max, submaximal test, cycle ergometer, cardiovascular diseases, Astrand, YMCA.
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Veselības sports
Health Sport
Izglītība, pedagoģija un sports
Education, Pedagogy and Sports
Health Sport
Izglītība, pedagoģija un sports
Education, Pedagogy and Sports