"Sieviešu atlētu triādes" riska novērtējums un salīdzinājums dažādu estētisko sporta un mākslas veidu pārstāvēm
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Date
2020
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Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte
Rīga Stradiņš University
Rīga Stradiņš University
Abstract
Bakalaura darba nosaukums: “Sieviešu atlētu triādes” riska novērtējums un salīdzinājums dažādu estētisko sporta un mākslas veidu pārstāvēm.
Bakalaura darba autors: Ieva Gaile, Rīgas Stradiņa universitātes Rehabilitācijas fakultātes profesionālās bakalaura studiju programmas “Uzturs” studente.
Aktualitāte: “Sieviešu atlētu triāde” ir izjaukta normālas vielmaiņas darbība, kas ietver nelīdzsvarotību starp uzņemto un patērēto enerģiju. Triāde sastāv no trīs savstarpēji saistītām komponentēm: 1) zema enerģijas pieejamība ar vai bez ēšanas traucējumiem; 2) menstruālā disfunkcija vai traucējumi; 3) zems kaulu minerālais blīvums. Estētiskie sporta veidi ir viena no triādes riska grupām, kurai pētījumos novēro triādei raksturīgus simptomus.
Darba mērķis: Novērtēt un salīdzināt “Sieviešu atlētu triādes” risku un tā faktorus sievietēm dažādos estētiskajos sporta un mākslas veidos (daiļslidošana, balets, mākslas vingrošana).
Metodes: Pētījumā piedalījās 87 estētisko sporta un mākslas veidu pārstāves (26 daiļslidotājas, 29 mākslas vingrotājas, 32 baletdejotājas) no dažādām sporta skolām un klubiem Latvijā. Informācija par “Sieviešu atlētu triādes” risku un tā faktoriem tika iegūta ar aptaujas anketas palīdzību. Dati tika apkopoti un analizēti Microsoft Excel un IBM SPSS 26.0 datorprogrammās.
Rezultāti: Pētījumā estētisko sporta un mākslas veidu pārstāvēm novērots augsts “Sieviešu atlētu triādes” risks – 61,6%, un augsta riska faktoru izplatība. Daiļslidotāju grupā novērots visaugstākais risks – 65,4%, taču statistiski nozīmīgas atšķirības starp grupām netika novērotas. Statistiski nozīmīga atšķirība atrasta, salīdzinot svara zaudēšanas metodes – mākslas vingrotājas apzināti izraisa vemšanu (p=0,002) un baletdejotājas lieto laksatīvos līdzekļus (p=0,012) biežāk kā citu grupu pārstāves. Vidējais ĶMI visās, pētījumā iesaistītajās grupās, bija normas robežās, bet tuvs pazeminātam svaram, un ar lielu dalībnieču skaitu, kuras atradās nepietiekama svara kategorijā.
Secinājumi: Estētisko sporta un mākslas veidu pārstāvēm “Sieviešu atlētu triādes” risks un riska faktoru izplatība ir augsta. Nozīmīgas riska un tā faktoru izplatības atšķirības starp grupām nav vērojamas. Vidējais ĶMI visās grupās bija tuvs pazeminātam svaram, bet normas robežās. Baletdejotāju vidējais ĶMI bija viszemākais, salīdzinot ar citām grupām.
Title of Bachelor’s Thesis: The “Female athlete triad” risk assessment and comparison in representatives of aesthetic sports and arts. Author: Ieva Gaile, a student of the professional bachelor study program in “Nutrition” at the Faculty of Rehabilitation at Riga Stradins University. Background: The “Female athlete triad” can be viewed as a disrupted metabolic activity that involves an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. The triad consists of three interrelated components: 1) low energy availability with or without eating disorders; 2) menstrual dysfunction or disorder; 3) low bone mineral density. Aesthetic sports are one of the risk groups for the triad, in which triad-like symptoms are observed in studies. Objective: To evaluate and compare the risk of the “Female athlete triad” and its factors for women in various aesthetic sports and arts (figure skating, ballet, artistic gymnastics). Research methods: 87 representatives of aesthetic sports and arts participated in the study (26 figure skaters, 29 artistic gymnasts, 32 ballet dancers) from various sports schools and clubs in Latvia. Information about the “Female athlete triad” risk and its factors was obtained through surveys. The research data were collected and analyzed in Microsoft Excel and IBM SPSS 26.0 computer programs. Results: Overall, 61,6% of athletes involved in the study were at risk of the triad with high prevalence of risk factors. The highest risk was observed in figure skaters – 65,4%, but no statistically significant difference between groups was found. A statistically significant difference was found when comparing weight loss methods – artistic gymnasts deliberately cause vomiting (p=0,002) and ballet dancers use laxatives (p=0,012) more often than representatives of other groups. The average BMI in all groups was low but within the normal range and with a large number of participants in the underweight category. Conclusion: The prevalence of risk of the “Female Athlete Triad” and its factors is high in aesthetic sports and arts. There are no significant differences in the prevalence of risk and its factors between groups. The mean BMI in all groups was low but within the normal range. Ballet dancers mean BMI was the lowest compared to other groups.
Title of Bachelor’s Thesis: The “Female athlete triad” risk assessment and comparison in representatives of aesthetic sports and arts. Author: Ieva Gaile, a student of the professional bachelor study program in “Nutrition” at the Faculty of Rehabilitation at Riga Stradins University. Background: The “Female athlete triad” can be viewed as a disrupted metabolic activity that involves an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. The triad consists of three interrelated components: 1) low energy availability with or without eating disorders; 2) menstrual dysfunction or disorder; 3) low bone mineral density. Aesthetic sports are one of the risk groups for the triad, in which triad-like symptoms are observed in studies. Objective: To evaluate and compare the risk of the “Female athlete triad” and its factors for women in various aesthetic sports and arts (figure skating, ballet, artistic gymnastics). Research methods: 87 representatives of aesthetic sports and arts participated in the study (26 figure skaters, 29 artistic gymnasts, 32 ballet dancers) from various sports schools and clubs in Latvia. Information about the “Female athlete triad” risk and its factors was obtained through surveys. The research data were collected and analyzed in Microsoft Excel and IBM SPSS 26.0 computer programs. Results: Overall, 61,6% of athletes involved in the study were at risk of the triad with high prevalence of risk factors. The highest risk was observed in figure skaters – 65,4%, but no statistically significant difference between groups was found. A statistically significant difference was found when comparing weight loss methods – artistic gymnasts deliberately cause vomiting (p=0,002) and ballet dancers use laxatives (p=0,012) more often than representatives of other groups. The average BMI in all groups was low but within the normal range and with a large number of participants in the underweight category. Conclusion: The prevalence of risk of the “Female Athlete Triad” and its factors is high in aesthetic sports and arts. There are no significant differences in the prevalence of risk and its factors between groups. The mean BMI in all groups was low but within the normal range. Ballet dancers mean BMI was the lowest compared to other groups.
Description
Uzturs
Nutrition
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care
Nutrition
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care
Keywords
Sieviešu atlētu triāde, ēšanas traucējumi, estētiskie sporta veidi, daiļslidošana, balets, mākslas vingrošana., Female athlete triad, aesthetic sports, eating disorders, figure skating, ballet, artistic gymnastics.