Sociālo tīklu lietošanas ietekme uz ēšanas uzvedību jauniešiem vecumā no 10 līdz 18 gadiem: salīdzinājums starp tiem, kuriem ir diagnosticēta anorexia nervosa, un tiem, kuriem nav ēšanas traucējumu
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Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte
Rīga Stradiņš University
Rīga Stradiņš University
Kopsavilkums
Aktualitāte:Pēdējos gados sociālo tīklu lietošana jauniešu vidū ir strauji pieaugusi, aktualizējot jautājumu par to ietekmi uz psiholoģisko veselību un ĒT attīstību. AN ir ēšanas traucējumu diagnoze, kurai ir raksturīga ievērojama un ilgstoša pārtikas uzņemšanas samazināšanās, kas stimulē ķermeņa svara samazināšanos neatbilstoši cilvēka faktiskam un bioloģiskam vecumam, dzimumam un fiziskajai veselībai. Laikā no 2000. līdz 2018. gadam ēšanas traucējumu izplatība pasaulē ir dubultojusies. Savukārt,Latvijas pētījumā, kas tika veikts BKUS, analizēti dati par 182 pacientiem līdz 18 gadu vecumam ar AN diagnozi laika posmā no 2016. līdz 2021. gadam. Gadījumu skaits pieauga no 12 pacientiem 2016. gadā līdz 67 pacientiem 2021. gadā, kas norāda uz būtisku tendenci palielināties. Saskaņā ar esošajiem pētījumiem sociālo mediju lietošana tiek atzīta par svarīgu priekšnosacījumu, kas var stimulēt AN attīstību jauniešiem.Pētījuma mērķis: Izpētīt sociālo tīklu lietošanas ietekmi uz ēšanas uzvedību jauniešiem vecumā no 10 līdz 18 gadiem ar mērķi salīdzināt attiecīgās ietekmes atšķirības starp pusaudžiem kuriem ir diagnosticēta AN, un pusaudžiem kuriem nav ĒT.Pētījuma metodes: Kvantitatīvais šķērsgriezuma pētījums, kas ietvēra 59 respondentus vecumā no 10 līdz 18 gadiem, kuri tika sadalīti divās grupās: jaunieši ar diagnosticētu AN diagnozi un jaunieši bez ĒT. Dalībnieki ar AN diagnozi tika atlasīti no BKUS Bērnu un jauniešu psihiskās veselības centra un daļēji no sociāliem tīkliem Facebook un Instagram platformam, savukārt dalībnieki bez ēšanas traucējumiem tika aptaujāti, izmantojot tikai sociālo tīklu platformas, Facebook un Instagram.Pētījumā tika izmantota pašizstrādātā anketa, lai novērtētu ēšanas traucējumu simptomus, ēšanas uzvedību un sociālo mediju lietošanas paradumus jauniešu vidū.Rezultāti:Pusaudži ar AN slimību biežāk mijiedarbojas ar saturu, kas popularizē „ideāla” ķermeņa tēlu un mudina domāt par svara zaudēšanu, kā arī emocionāli intensīvāk reaģē uz šo saturu. Šī reakcija pastiprina izkropļotu ķermeņa tēlu un uztura ierobežojumus, kā arī palielina bažas par savu svaru un negatīvas sajūtas par ēšanu.Secinājumi: Sociālie mediji nav vienīgais izšķirošais faktors: abās grupās pusaudži sociālajos medijos pavada līdzīgu laiku. Taču būtiskāka psiholoģiskā nozīme ir ietekme ir izpētīta sociālo tīklu saturam. Pusaudži ar AN biežāk mijiedarbojas ar “ietekmīgu” saturu un spēcīgāk reaģē uz to emocionāli, kas pastiprina un saasina izkropļotu ķermeņa tēlu un uztura ierobežojumus. Sākotnējo hipotēzi, ka sociālo mediju lietošana ietekmē ēšanas paradumus jauniešiem (10–18 gadi) un ka pusaudži ar AN ir neaizsargātāki pret šādu ietekmi, apstiprina pētījuma iegūtie dati. Sociālie mediji var darboties kā katalizators ĒT attīstībā, īpaši pusaudžiem, kuriem diagnosticēta AN.
Relevance: In recent years, social media use among adolescents has surged, raising questions about its impact on psychological health and the development of eating disorders. AN is characterized by a marked and sustained reduction in food intake, leading to weight loss that is inappropriate for an individual’s chronological and biological age, sex, and physical health. Between 2000 and 2018, the global prevalence of eating disorders doubled. In a Latvian study conducted at BKUS, data from 182 patients under 18 years of age diagnosed with AN between 2016 and 2021 showed an increase from 12 cases in 2016 to 67 cases in 2021, indicating a significant upward trend. Existing research identifies social media use as a key risk factor that may precipitate AN in young people. Research objective: The objective of this study is to examine the impact of social media usage on the eating behaviors of adolescents aged 10 to 18, comparing the differences in these impacts between youths diagnosed with anorexia nervosa and those without eating disorders.Research methods: The quantitative cross-sectional study included 59 adolescents aged between 10-18 years who were divided into two groups: young people diagnosed with anorexia nervosa and young people without an eating disorder. Participants with a confirmed diagnosis were recruited from the BKUS Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and partly from the social networking platforms Facebook and Instagram, while participants without an eating disorder were interviewed using only the social networking platforms Facebook and Instagram. The study used a self-developed questionnaire based on validated instruments to assess eating disorder symptoms, eating behaviours and social media use patterns among young people and included demographic questions.Results:Adolescents with anorexia nervosa are more likely to interact with content that may promote an 'ideal' body image and weight loss, and to react more emotionally to it. This reaction reinforces distorted body image and dietary restrictions, as well as increased anxiety about their weight and negative feelings about eating.Conclusions: Social media (in terms of total time spent online) is not the only decisive factor: teenagers in both groups spend similar amounts of time on social media. However, the more important psychological influence is the content of the social networks studied. Adolescents with anorexia nervosa are more likely to interact with 'influential' content and react more strongly to it emotionally, which reinforces and exacerbates distorted body image and dietary restrictions. The initial hypothesis that social media use influences eating behaviour in young people (10-18 years) and that adolescents with anorexia are more vulnerable to such influences is supported by research findings. Social media can act as a catalyst for the development or worsening of eating disorders, especially in adolescents diagnosed with anorexia nervosa.
Relevance: In recent years, social media use among adolescents has surged, raising questions about its impact on psychological health and the development of eating disorders. AN is characterized by a marked and sustained reduction in food intake, leading to weight loss that is inappropriate for an individual’s chronological and biological age, sex, and physical health. Between 2000 and 2018, the global prevalence of eating disorders doubled. In a Latvian study conducted at BKUS, data from 182 patients under 18 years of age diagnosed with AN between 2016 and 2021 showed an increase from 12 cases in 2016 to 67 cases in 2021, indicating a significant upward trend. Existing research identifies social media use as a key risk factor that may precipitate AN in young people. Research objective: The objective of this study is to examine the impact of social media usage on the eating behaviors of adolescents aged 10 to 18, comparing the differences in these impacts between youths diagnosed with anorexia nervosa and those without eating disorders.Research methods: The quantitative cross-sectional study included 59 adolescents aged between 10-18 years who were divided into two groups: young people diagnosed with anorexia nervosa and young people without an eating disorder. Participants with a confirmed diagnosis were recruited from the BKUS Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and partly from the social networking platforms Facebook and Instagram, while participants without an eating disorder were interviewed using only the social networking platforms Facebook and Instagram. The study used a self-developed questionnaire based on validated instruments to assess eating disorder symptoms, eating behaviours and social media use patterns among young people and included demographic questions.Results:Adolescents with anorexia nervosa are more likely to interact with content that may promote an 'ideal' body image and weight loss, and to react more emotionally to it. This reaction reinforces distorted body image and dietary restrictions, as well as increased anxiety about their weight and negative feelings about eating.Conclusions: Social media (in terms of total time spent online) is not the only decisive factor: teenagers in both groups spend similar amounts of time on social media. However, the more important psychological influence is the content of the social networks studied. Adolescents with anorexia nervosa are more likely to interact with 'influential' content and react more strongly to it emotionally, which reinforces and exacerbates distorted body image and dietary restrictions. The initial hypothesis that social media use influences eating behaviour in young people (10-18 years) and that adolescents with anorexia are more vulnerable to such influences is supported by research findings. Social media can act as a catalyst for the development or worsening of eating disorders, especially in adolescents diagnosed with anorexia nervosa.
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Nutrition
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care
Nutrition
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care