Institucionālās inerces slazdā: Latvijas un Somijas aizsardzības industrijas attīstības politikas gadījumu salīdzinošā analīze
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Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte
Rīga Stradiņš University
Rīga Stradiņš University
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Bakalaura darbs “Institucionālās inerces slazdā: Latvijas un Somijas aizsardzības industrijas attīstības politikas gadījumu salīdzinošā analīze” analizē Latvijas un Somijas īstenoto politiku aizsardzības industrijas attīstības veicināšanai. Aizsardzības industrija ir privātā, publiskā un akadēmiskā sektora kopums, kas nodarbojas ar militārā vai divejāda lietojuma preču vai pakalpojumu izstrādi, ražošanu, apkopi un nodrošināšanu. Ņemot vērā Krievijas agresīvo ārpolitiku, kā arī Ukrainas kara pieredzi, noturīgas aizsardzības industrijas attīstība ir nepieciešama veiksmīgas valsts aizsardzības īstenošanai. Īpaši aktuāla tā ir ES un NATO dalībvalstīm, kas robežojas ar Krieviju– Baltijas valstīm, Polijai un Somijai. Šādos apstākļos kļūst nepieciešams izprast dažādas pieejas aizsardzības industrijas attīstībai, tādejādi radot zināšanu bāzi veiksmīgas politikas īstenošanai.
Lai analizētu un salīdzinātu Latvijas un Somijas veidoto aizsardzības industrijas attīstības politiku, pirmajā darba nodaļā tiek izklāstīti vēsturiskā institucionālisma teorijas pamati. No vēsturiskā institucionālisma izmantoti divi galvenie koncepti – virzības atkarība (path dependancei) un lūzuma punkts (critical juncture). Teorijas ietvarā tiek noskaidroti trīs galvenie pētniecības līmeņi industrijas attīstības politikas analīzei – politikas plānošanas dokumenti, nozares normatīvais regulējums un ārējie apstākļi.
Darba otrajā nodaļā tiek apskatīti Latvijas un Somijas aizsardzības politikas plānošanas dokumenti posmā no 1995. līdz 2025. gadam, novērtējot kopējo aizsardzības politikas tendenci un aizsardzības industrijas nozīmi tajā. Darba trešajā nodaļā tiek veikta uz politikas plānošanas dokumentu bāzes radītā attīstības mehānismu sistēma tajā pašā laika posmā P&A, ražošanas un komercializācijas attīstības atbalstam.
Darba galvenā hipotēze - Latvijas aizsardzības industrijas attīstības politika ir radusies kā institucionāla atbilde ārējiem apstākļiem, savukārt Somijas aizsardzības industrijas attīstības politiku veidoja pēctecīga institūciju īstenota aizsardzības politika, apstiprinās. Latvijas aizsardzības industrijas attīstības politika ir radusies vairāku lūzuma punktu rezultātā, savukārt Somijas aizsardzības industrijas attīstības politikas pamatnostādnēs pēdējo divdesmit gadu laikā nav mainījušas.
Daļēji apstiprinās pirmā papildhipotēze, ka Latvijas neviendabīgo aizsardzības industrijas attīstības politiku veidoja institucionālie lūzuma punkti. Latvijas aizsardzības industrijas attīstības politika veidota no vairākiem, savstarpēji vāji saistītiem mehānismiem, tajā pašā laikā, vērojama virzības atkarība AM centrālajā lomā un pētniecības un attīstības (turpmāk - P&A) atbalstā. Apstiprinās otrā papildhipotēze, ka Somijas konsekvento aizsardzības industrijas attīstības politiku veidoja institucionālās virzības atkarība. Tā izpaužas caur piegāžu ķēžu drošības prioritizēšanu un valsts īpašumā esošo kapitālsabiedrību centrālo lomu industrijas attīstības veicināšanā
Bachelor's thesis “In the trap of institutional inertia: A comparative case analysis of the Latvian and Finnish defence industry development policies” analyses policies implemented by Latvia and Finland to promote development of the defence industry. The defence industry is a set of private, public and academic actors that are active in the development, production and maintenance of military or dual-use goods or services. Due to the growing military power and aggressive foreign policy of Russia, as well as the example of War in Ukraine, a resilient and developed defence industry is necessary for successful defence. It is especially relevant for the Eastern EU and NATO member states: the Baltic states, Poland and Finland. In such circumstances, it is important to understand different approaches to the development of the defence industry for successful future policies. To analyse and compare the defence industry development policies in Latvia and Finland, historical institutionalism is described in the first chapter of the work. Two main concepts from historical institutionalism are used – path dependency and critical juncture. Within the theoretical framework, three main levels of research are identified for the analysis of industrial development policy – policy planning documents, industry regulatory framework and external conditions. The second chapter of the paper examines the Latvian and Finnish defence policy planning documents for the period from 1995 to 2025, assessing the overall defence policy and the role of the defence industry in it. The third chapter of the paper examines the system of development mechanisms created based on policy planning documents to support the development of R&D, production and commercialization during the same period. The central hypothesis of the paper – the development policy of the Latvian defence industry is an institutional response to external conditions, while the development policy of the Finnish defence industry is based on a long-term defence policy – can be confirmed. The Latvian defence industry development policy has emerged through several critical junctures, while the Finnish defence industry development policy foundations have not changed over the past twenty years. The first additional hypothesis can be partially confirmed - a heterogeneous defence industry development policy has emerged in Latvia, because of institutional critical junctures. The Latvian defence industry development policy is made up of weakly interconnected mechanisms. However, there is path dependence in the central role of the Ministry of Defence and research and development (R&D) support. The second additional hypothesis can be confirmed that a consistent defence industry development policy has emerged in Finland because of institutional path dependence. It is manifested through the prioritization of supply chain security and the central role of state-owned capital companies in promoting the development of the industry.
Bachelor's thesis “In the trap of institutional inertia: A comparative case analysis of the Latvian and Finnish defence industry development policies” analyses policies implemented by Latvia and Finland to promote development of the defence industry. The defence industry is a set of private, public and academic actors that are active in the development, production and maintenance of military or dual-use goods or services. Due to the growing military power and aggressive foreign policy of Russia, as well as the example of War in Ukraine, a resilient and developed defence industry is necessary for successful defence. It is especially relevant for the Eastern EU and NATO member states: the Baltic states, Poland and Finland. In such circumstances, it is important to understand different approaches to the development of the defence industry for successful future policies. To analyse and compare the defence industry development policies in Latvia and Finland, historical institutionalism is described in the first chapter of the work. Two main concepts from historical institutionalism are used – path dependency and critical juncture. Within the theoretical framework, three main levels of research are identified for the analysis of industrial development policy – policy planning documents, industry regulatory framework and external conditions. The second chapter of the paper examines the Latvian and Finnish defence policy planning documents for the period from 1995 to 2025, assessing the overall defence policy and the role of the defence industry in it. The third chapter of the paper examines the system of development mechanisms created based on policy planning documents to support the development of R&D, production and commercialization during the same period. The central hypothesis of the paper – the development policy of the Latvian defence industry is an institutional response to external conditions, while the development policy of the Finnish defence industry is based on a long-term defence policy – can be confirmed. The Latvian defence industry development policy has emerged through several critical junctures, while the Finnish defence industry development policy foundations have not changed over the past twenty years. The first additional hypothesis can be partially confirmed - a heterogeneous defence industry development policy has emerged in Latvia, because of institutional critical junctures. The Latvian defence industry development policy is made up of weakly interconnected mechanisms. However, there is path dependence in the central role of the Ministry of Defence and research and development (R&D) support. The second additional hypothesis can be confirmed that a consistent defence industry development policy has emerged in Finland because of institutional path dependence. It is manifested through the prioritization of supply chain security and the central role of state-owned capital companies in promoting the development of the industry.
Description
Starptautiskās attiecības - Eiropas studijas
International Relations - European Studies
Socioloģija, politoloģija un antropoloģija
Sociology, Politics and Anthropology
International Relations - European Studies
Socioloģija, politoloģija un antropoloģija
Sociology, Politics and Anthropology