Lielbritānijas attiecības ar Franciju un Vāciju Brexit kontekstā
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Date
2020
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Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte
Rīga Stradiņš University
Rīga Stradiņš University
Abstract
Bakalaura darba tēma ir Lielbritānijas attiecības ar Franciju un Vāciju Brexit kontekstā. 2016.gada 23.jūnijā Lielbritānijā notika Brexit referendums, kurā 51,9% pilsoņu nobalsoja par izstāšanos no ES. Pirmo reizi ES vēsturē 2020.gada 31.janvārī kāda dalībvalsts – Lielbritānija, oficiāli izstājas no tās. Savukārt Lielbritānija, Francija un Vācija ir ES “lielais trijnieks” jeb E3, kam ir nozīmīga loma militārajā, drošības, aizsardzības, ekonomikas, tirdzniecības un politikas, diplomātiskajā jomā. Lielbritānijas atstāšana ES var spēcīgi ietekmēt visas šīs jomas, kā arī pašas iesaistītas valstis. Tā iemesla dēļ ir svarīgi noskaidrot, kā Apvienotā Karaliste centīsies saglabāt vai vēl vairāk veicināt esošas attiecības ar ES lielvarām, jo valstis ir savstarpēji atkarīgas viena no otras.
Darba mērķis ir salīdzināt attiecību izmaiņas Lielbritānijai ar Vāciju un Lielbritānijai ar Franciju Brexit kontekstā. Darbā pieņemtā hipotēze ir Lielbritānijas diplomātisko, ekonomisko un militāro attiecību prioritāte ar Franciju un Vāciju ir saglabāt un uzturēt attiecības esošajā līmenī Brexit procesa kontekstā. Laika periods, kurā tiek analizētas Lielbritānijas attiecības ar Franciju un Vāciju ir no 2016.gada 23.jūnija Brexit referenduma dienas līdz 2020.gada sākumam, kas sevī ietver Brexit sarunu uzsākšanu, noslēgšanu un Lielbritānijas izstāšanos no ES. Salīdzināšanai tiek aplūkotas tās pašas attiecības un jomas līdz 2016.gada 23.jūnija referendumam. Darba empīriskajā daļā tiek izmantota dokumentu satura analīze. Darba empīriskie avoti ir Lielbritānijas valdības oficiālie paziņojumi.
Darbā tiek izmantota savstarpējās atkarības teorija, kas norāda, ka, politiskajam stāvoklim mainoties, Lielbritānija ir spiesta meklēt jaunus ceļus savai attīstībai vai uzsvērt esošās attiecības, samazinot sev iespējamos draudus, sevišķi, ekonomiskajā jomā, jo ES pirms tam institucionāli pildīja šīs saistības. Vēl savstarpēji atkarīgās attiecībās militāro spēku neizmanto, taču militārajai jomai ir cita loma – tā pilda drošības un aizsardzības funkcijas, ka arī sniedz ekonomiskos ieguvumus.
Salīdzinot Lielbritānijas attiecības ar Franciju un Vāciju Brexit kontekstā tika secināts, ka militārās, drošības un aizsardzības attiecības ir palikušas nemainīgas, ekonomiskās un tirdzniecības attiecības ir kļuvušas par prioritāti valstu starpā un diplomātiskajās, politiskajās attiecībās un citās sadarbībās bija novērojama liela aktivitāte, tika uzsvērts abu valstu divpusējo attiecību nozīmīgums un svarīgums. Citiem vārdiem sakot, tā kā Lielbritānijai ar ES vēl nav parakstīts brīvās tirdzniecības līgums, tad Lielbritānija ir šīs jomas saglabāšanas un uzturēšanas procesā. Pārējās jomas ir nemainīgas, jo tās nav tik primāras un ar lielu risku, atkarību.
The theme of the bachelor thesis is United Kingdom’s relationship with France and Germany in the context of Brexit. On June 23, 2016, the Brexit referendum was held in the UK, in which 51,9% of citizens voted to withdraw from the EU. For the first time in EU history on January 31, 2020, a member state – UK, officially withdrew. On the other hand, UK, France and Germany are the EU’s “big three” or E3. They play a big role in the military, security, defence, economic, trade and political, diplomatic fields. The UK leaving the EU may have a major impact on all of these areas, as well as on the countries themselves. For this reason, it is important to find out how the UK will seek to maintain or further enhance existing relations with the EU’s great power, as countries become interdependent from each other. The aim is to compare the changes in the relations between the UK and France and the UK and Germany in the context of Brexit. The hypothesis is that the UK’s priority with the France and Germany in diplomatic, economic and military relations is to preserve and maintain relations at the current level in the context of Brexit. The period of time in which the UK’s relations with France and Germany are analysed is from the date of the Brexit referendum on June 23, 2016, to the beginning of 2020, which includes the opening and concluding of Brexit negotiations and the UK’s withdrawal from EU. For comparison, the same relations and spheres are considered until the June 23, 2016 referendum. For the empirical part content analyses is used. The empirical sources of the theses are official statements of the UK’s government. The theory of the interdependence is used for the thesis, which shows that as the political situation changes, the UK is forced to look for new ways to develop or emphasize existing relations, reducing protentional threats, especially in the field of economics, because the EU previously fulfilled these commitments institutionally. Also, military force is not used in interdependent relations, but military field plays a different role – it performs security and defence functions and also provides economic benefits. Comparing the UK’s relations with France and Germany in the context of Brexit, it was concluded that the military, security and defence relations have remained unchanged, economic and trade relations have become a priority among countries and in the diplomatic, political relations and other cooperation have seen high activity. The importance and significance of bilateral relations between these two countries was emphasized. In other words, as the UK has not yet signed a free trade agreement with the EU, the UK is in the process of enhancing and maintaining this sphere. The other spheres are the same, because they are less primary and high-risk, addictive.
The theme of the bachelor thesis is United Kingdom’s relationship with France and Germany in the context of Brexit. On June 23, 2016, the Brexit referendum was held in the UK, in which 51,9% of citizens voted to withdraw from the EU. For the first time in EU history on January 31, 2020, a member state – UK, officially withdrew. On the other hand, UK, France and Germany are the EU’s “big three” or E3. They play a big role in the military, security, defence, economic, trade and political, diplomatic fields. The UK leaving the EU may have a major impact on all of these areas, as well as on the countries themselves. For this reason, it is important to find out how the UK will seek to maintain or further enhance existing relations with the EU’s great power, as countries become interdependent from each other. The aim is to compare the changes in the relations between the UK and France and the UK and Germany in the context of Brexit. The hypothesis is that the UK’s priority with the France and Germany in diplomatic, economic and military relations is to preserve and maintain relations at the current level in the context of Brexit. The period of time in which the UK’s relations with France and Germany are analysed is from the date of the Brexit referendum on June 23, 2016, to the beginning of 2020, which includes the opening and concluding of Brexit negotiations and the UK’s withdrawal from EU. For comparison, the same relations and spheres are considered until the June 23, 2016 referendum. For the empirical part content analyses is used. The empirical sources of the theses are official statements of the UK’s government. The theory of the interdependence is used for the thesis, which shows that as the political situation changes, the UK is forced to look for new ways to develop or emphasize existing relations, reducing protentional threats, especially in the field of economics, because the EU previously fulfilled these commitments institutionally. Also, military force is not used in interdependent relations, but military field plays a different role – it performs security and defence functions and also provides economic benefits. Comparing the UK’s relations with France and Germany in the context of Brexit, it was concluded that the military, security and defence relations have remained unchanged, economic and trade relations have become a priority among countries and in the diplomatic, political relations and other cooperation have seen high activity. The importance and significance of bilateral relations between these two countries was emphasized. In other words, as the UK has not yet signed a free trade agreement with the EU, the UK is in the process of enhancing and maintaining this sphere. The other spheres are the same, because they are less primary and high-risk, addictive.
Description
Starptautiskās attiecības - Eiropas studijas
International Relations - European Studies
Socioloģija, politoloģija un antropoloģija
Sociology, Politics and Anthropology
International Relations - European Studies
Socioloģija, politoloģija un antropoloģija
Sociology, Politics and Anthropology
Keywords
Brexit, Lielbritānija, Vācija, Francija, savstarpējā atkarība., Brexit, United Kingdom, Germany, France, interdependence.