Taivānas nacionālisma ietekme uz Taivānas-ASV attiecībām
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Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte
Rīga Stradiņš University
Rīga Stradiņš University
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Taivāna, oficiāli pazīstama kā Ķīnas Republika, ir arvien nozīmīgāks subjekts starptautiskajā telpā. Pateicoties tās attīstītajām ražošanas spējām, īpaši pusvadītāju ražošanā, tā ieņem ļoti būtisku lomu globālajās piegādes ķēdēs un pasaules ekonomikā. Tomēr tās drošība un stabilitāte ir ļoti trausla, un tās starptautiskais statuss ir neskaidrs, jo tās attiecības ar Ķīnas Tautas Republiku, kas pretendē uz suverenitāti pār tās teritoriju, pamatojoties uz vēsturiskām un etniskām saitēm, bieži draudot panākt atkal-apvienošanos ar militārā spēka palīdzību, kļūst arvien nokaitētākas. Amerikas Savienotās Valstis, kurām Taivāna ir viens no lielākajiem tirdzniecības partneriem, darbojas kā spēcīgs, bet atturīgs “status quo” uzturētājs.
Šī maģistra darba tēma ir “Taivānas nacionālisma ietekme uz Taivānas-ASV attiecībām.” Darba mērķis ir noskaidrot, vai pastāv saistība starp Taivānas nacionālās identitātes attīstību un Taivānas-ASV ekonomiskajām un politiskajām attiecībām, un, ja tāda pastāv, kādā veidā šīs identitātes pieaugums ietekmē šīs attiecības. Lai sasniegtu mērķi, pirmajā darba nodaļā tiek sniegts konstruktīvisma teorijas apraksts, pamatojot kā konstruktīvisms var tikt izmantots, lai izskaidrotu saikni starp iekšpolitiku, nacionālo identitāti, nacionālismu un ārpolitiku. Otrajā nodaļā tiek raksturotas nacionālisma tendences Taivānā, identificējot, kā tās atspoguļojas divu dominējošo politisko partiju — Gomiņdan (KMT) un Demokrātiskās progresīvās partijas (DPP) — retorikā un rīcībpolitikā, kā arī skaidrota ASV “vienas Ķīnas” politika. Trešajā nodaļā tiek identificētas saiknes starp Taivānas nacionālisma tendencēm, to kā tās atspoguļojas valdošo partiju politikas nostādnēs un Taivānas-ASV attiecībām periodos no 2008. līdz 2012. gadam un no 2016. līdz 2020. gadam, kā arī veikts abu periodu salīdzinājums un analīze.
Identificētās abu valstu attiecībās aktuālās tēmas sniedz atziņas, kas liecina, ka pieaugošā Taivānas nacionālās identitātes, kā tā atspoguļojas DPP valdīšanas laikā, apzināšanās, sakrīt ar padziļinātām, tomēr joprojām stratēģiski divpusīgām un uz “status quo” vērstām partnerattiecībām starp Taivānu un ASV.
Taiwan, officially known as the Republic of China, is an increasingly important entity in the international realm. Thanks to its advanced manufacturing capabilities, especially in semiconductor manufacturing, it plays a highly critical role in global supply chains and the global economy. However, its safety and stability are highly fragile, and its international status representative of a diplomatic limbo, due to historically tense relationships with the People’s Republic of China, which claims sovereignty over its territory based on historic and ethnic ties, often threatening to assert it through military force. The United States, to whom Taiwan is one of the largest trade partners, serves as a powerful, but reserved keeper of the status quo. The topic of this master’s thesis is “Taiwanese nationalism amid Taiwan-US relations.” The objective of this research is to determine whether there exists a relationship between the development of a Taiwanese national identity and the Taiwan-U.S. economic and political relations, and, if it does, in what way does the rise of that identity affect the relationship. To fulfill the objective, the first chapter of the thesis offers a description of the theory of constructivism as a tool that can be used to explain the link between domestic politics, national identity, nationalism and foreign policy. The second chapter then contextualizes the nationalism trends in Taiwan, identifying how they are reflected in the preferences for unification or independence of the two dominant political parties — the Kuomintang (KMT) and the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), and describes the U.S. “One China” policy of status quo preference. The third chapter identifies links between Taiwan’s domestic nationalism trends as reflected in the ruling parties’ policy stances and Taiwan-U.S. relations during the periods of 2008 to 2012 and 2016 to 2020, along with a comparison and analysis of both periods. The exploration of various themes emerging as prevalent in the relationship between the two states offers findings that suggest that the increasing assertion of Taiwanese national identity, as reflected in DPP’s rule, aligns with a deepening, though still strategically ambiguous and status-quo focused partnership between Taiwan and the U.S.
Taiwan, officially known as the Republic of China, is an increasingly important entity in the international realm. Thanks to its advanced manufacturing capabilities, especially in semiconductor manufacturing, it plays a highly critical role in global supply chains and the global economy. However, its safety and stability are highly fragile, and its international status representative of a diplomatic limbo, due to historically tense relationships with the People’s Republic of China, which claims sovereignty over its territory based on historic and ethnic ties, often threatening to assert it through military force. The United States, to whom Taiwan is one of the largest trade partners, serves as a powerful, but reserved keeper of the status quo. The topic of this master’s thesis is “Taiwanese nationalism amid Taiwan-US relations.” The objective of this research is to determine whether there exists a relationship between the development of a Taiwanese national identity and the Taiwan-U.S. economic and political relations, and, if it does, in what way does the rise of that identity affect the relationship. To fulfill the objective, the first chapter of the thesis offers a description of the theory of constructivism as a tool that can be used to explain the link between domestic politics, national identity, nationalism and foreign policy. The second chapter then contextualizes the nationalism trends in Taiwan, identifying how they are reflected in the preferences for unification or independence of the two dominant political parties — the Kuomintang (KMT) and the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), and describes the U.S. “One China” policy of status quo preference. The third chapter identifies links between Taiwan’s domestic nationalism trends as reflected in the ruling parties’ policy stances and Taiwan-U.S. relations during the periods of 2008 to 2012 and 2016 to 2020, along with a comparison and analysis of both periods. The exploration of various themes emerging as prevalent in the relationship between the two states offers findings that suggest that the increasing assertion of Taiwanese national identity, as reflected in DPP’s rule, aligns with a deepening, though still strategically ambiguous and status-quo focused partnership between Taiwan and the U.S.
Description
Starptautiskās attiecības un diplomātija
International Relations and Diplomacy
Socioloģija, politoloģija un antropoloģija
Sociology, Politics and Anthropology
International Relations and Diplomacy
Socioloģija, politoloģija un antropoloģija
Sociology, Politics and Anthropology