Uztura paradumi un paštēla uztvere sievietēm Latvijā, kurām anamnēzē ir bijuši ēšanas traucējumi
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Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte
Rīga Stradiņš University
Rīga Stradiņš University
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Bakalaura darba nosaukums: "Uztura paradumi un paštēla uztvere sievietēm, kurām anamnēzē ir bijuši ēšanas traucējumi".
Aktualitāte: Ēšanas traucējumi (ĒT) ir nopietna psihiska slimība, kuru raksturo disfunkcionāla ēšanas uzvedība un izkropļota sava ķermeņa uztvere. Tie bieži vien ir saistīti ar hronisku norisi un ilgu atveseļošanās procesu. ĒT izplatība pieaug, un rada bažas gan fiziskās, gan psihiskās veselības jomās. Kopš COVID-19 pandēmijas ir palielinājies cīņas ar ēšanas traucējumiem gadījumu skaits un pacientu skaits, kam nepieciešama gan stacionāra, gan ambulatorā aprūpe, radot papildus slogu veselības aprūpes sistēmai.
Darba mērķis: izpētīt uztura paradumus un paštēla uztveri sievietēm, kurām anamnēzē ir bijuši ēšanas traucējumi (anorexia nervosa un bulimia nervosa).
Metodes: Tika izmantota kvantitatīvā pētījuma metode – aprakstošs šķērsgriezuma pētījums. Pētījuma dalībnieki bija sievietes, kuras ir slimojušas ar anorexia nervosa vai bulimia nervosa, vai ar abām šīm slimībām, bet pētījuma brīdi viņas bija atveseļojušās, bez nevienas ēšanas traucējumu epizodes vismaz gadu. Dalībnieces pētījuma brīdī bija sasniegušas vismaz 18 gadu vecumu, bet slimošanas laikā varēja nebūt pilngadīgas. Datu analīzei tika izmantotas Microsoft Office Excel programma un IBM The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows 29.0 programma.
Rezultāti: Daļai respondentu ir saglabājusies tendence uzturā uzņemt mazāk taukus, kā arī ir novērojamas tādas paliekošas slimības pazīmes kā svara kontrole, kilokaloriju skaitīšana, vainas sajūta un trauksme saistībā ar ēdienu. Paštēla uztvere ir vidēji zema.
Secinājumi: Sievietēm, kurām anamnēzē ir bijuši ēšanas traucējumi, uztura paradumi ievērojami neatšķiras no PVO rekomendācijām par veselīgu uzturu. Tomēr ir daļa respondentu, kuru uzturā tauki tiek uzņemti mazāk nekā rekomendēts.
Lielākā daļa pētījuma dalībnieču pēc izveseļošanās turpina pievērst uzmanību savam svaram un kilokaloriju patēriņam, kā arī ir izjutušas trauksmi vai kaunu saistībā ar ēdienu.
Sievietēm, kurām anamnēzē ir bijuši ēšanas traucējumi, ķermeņa paštēla uztvere ir zemāka par vidējo rādītāju. Respondentiem ar lielāku ĶMI ir zemāks pašvērtējums par savu izskatu, svaru un pievilcību. Turklāt respondenti, kuri pozitīvāk uztver savu ķermeņa izskatu, pozitīvāk uztver arī savu svaru un pievilcību.
Atslēgas vārdi: ēšanas traucējumi, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, uztura paradumi, paštēls, svars.
Title of bachelor’s Thesis: “Dietary Habits and Self-image Perception in Women with a History of Eating Disorders”. Relevance of the Study: Eating disorders (EDs) are serious mental illnesses characterized by dysfunctional eating behaviors and distorted body image perceptions. They are often associated with a chronic course and a prolonged recovery process. The prevalence of EDs is rising and is a significant concern in both physical and mental health domains. Since the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a marked increase in the number of eating disorder cases, as well as in the demand for inpatient and outpatient care, thereby placing additional strain on the healthcare system. Aim of the Study: To investigate the dietary habits and self-image perceptions of women with a history of eating disorders (anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa). Methods: The study employed a quantitative research method in the form of a descriptive cross-sectional study. Participants included women with a history of Anorexia Nervosa or Bulimia Nervosa, or both, who were in recovery at the time of the study and had been free from any episodes of ED for at least one year. Participants were at least 18 years old at the time of the study but may not have reached legal adulthood during the onset of the illness. Data analysis was conducted using Microsoft Office Excel and the IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows, Version 29.0. Results: Some respondents exhibited a tendency to consume less fat in their diets and displayed persistent signs of their illness, including weight control, calorie counting, and feelings of guilt and anxiety related to food. Their self-image perception was found to be moderately low. Conclusions: For women with a history of eating disorders, dietary habits do not significantly differ from the WHO recommendations for a healthy diet. However, some respondents reported a dietary fat intake lower than the recommended levels. Most of the women in the study continue to focus on their weight and kilocalorie intake even after recovery and have experienced feelings of anxiety or shame related to food. Women with a history of eating disorders often have a below-average self-image. Higher BMI correlates with lower self-esteem in appearance, while a positive body image enhances perceptions of weight and attractiveness. Keywords: Eating Disorders, Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, Dietary Habits, Self-Image, Weight
Title of bachelor’s Thesis: “Dietary Habits and Self-image Perception in Women with a History of Eating Disorders”. Relevance of the Study: Eating disorders (EDs) are serious mental illnesses characterized by dysfunctional eating behaviors and distorted body image perceptions. They are often associated with a chronic course and a prolonged recovery process. The prevalence of EDs is rising and is a significant concern in both physical and mental health domains. Since the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a marked increase in the number of eating disorder cases, as well as in the demand for inpatient and outpatient care, thereby placing additional strain on the healthcare system. Aim of the Study: To investigate the dietary habits and self-image perceptions of women with a history of eating disorders (anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa). Methods: The study employed a quantitative research method in the form of a descriptive cross-sectional study. Participants included women with a history of Anorexia Nervosa or Bulimia Nervosa, or both, who were in recovery at the time of the study and had been free from any episodes of ED for at least one year. Participants were at least 18 years old at the time of the study but may not have reached legal adulthood during the onset of the illness. Data analysis was conducted using Microsoft Office Excel and the IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows, Version 29.0. Results: Some respondents exhibited a tendency to consume less fat in their diets and displayed persistent signs of their illness, including weight control, calorie counting, and feelings of guilt and anxiety related to food. Their self-image perception was found to be moderately low. Conclusions: For women with a history of eating disorders, dietary habits do not significantly differ from the WHO recommendations for a healthy diet. However, some respondents reported a dietary fat intake lower than the recommended levels. Most of the women in the study continue to focus on their weight and kilocalorie intake even after recovery and have experienced feelings of anxiety or shame related to food. Women with a history of eating disorders often have a below-average self-image. Higher BMI correlates with lower self-esteem in appearance, while a positive body image enhances perceptions of weight and attractiveness. Keywords: Eating Disorders, Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, Dietary Habits, Self-Image, Weight
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Uzturs
Nutrition
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care
Nutrition
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care