The Use of Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
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Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte
Rīga Stradiņš University
Rīga Stradiņš University
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Ievads: Ultrasonogrāfijas izmantošana kā nervu vadīšanas izmeklējuma aizvietošana karpālā tuneļa sindroma diagnostikā piesaistījusi ievērojamu interesi sakarā ar savu neinvazīvo dabu, lētāku un ātrāku izpildījumu. Kopš 1985. gada tika veikti pētījumi par ultrasonogrāfijas izmantošanu karpālā tuneļa sindroma diagnostikā. Kopš tā laika vairāki pētījumi, literatūras apskati un meta-analīzes tika izvērtējušas ultrasonogrāfijas diagnostisko precizitāti un smaguma pakāpes noteikšanu spēju.
Mērķis: Izvērtēt pašreizējos statistiskos datus par ultrasonogrāfijas izmantošanu karpālā tuneļa sindroma diagnostiskā. Papildus tika izvērtēti vairāki kritikas punkti pašreizējās literatūras sakarā.
Metodes: Literatūras apskats tika izveidots, izmantojot PubMed priekš MEDLINE, Google Scholar, un ExLibris Primo, un saturēja rakstus, kas publicēti sākot ar 2010.gadu. Atslēgvārdi: Karpālā Tuneļa Sindroms, Diagnostika, Ultrasonogrāfija.
Secinājumi: Ultrasonogrāfija ir daudzsološs rīks karpālā kanāla diagnostikā. Izmeklēšanas robežvērtības šķērsgriezuma laukumam zirņveida kaula līmenī variēja no 8.5mm2 līdz 13mm2, rezultējoties ar jutīguma intervālu no 57% līdz 96.69% un specifitātes intervālu no 47% līdz 100%.
Vairāku ultrasonogrāfisku parametru un citu pārbaudes veidu kombinācija pierādījusi sevi kā uzticamu rīku ar 79.8% diagnostiko precizitāti. Papildus tika izvērtētas vairākas iekšējās kontroles. Mediālā un ulnārā nerva atšķirības izvērtēšana demonstrējusi 94% jutīgumu un 69% specifitāti. Plaukstas locītavas optimizēta apkārtmēra vienādojuma izmantošana uzrādījusi 75% jutīgumu un specifitāti. Dati liecina par daudzsološiem rezultātiem ultrasonogrāfijas izmantošanas diagnostikā. Tomēr spēja uzticami izvērtēt karpālā tuneļa sindroma smaguma pakāpi paliek neskaidra. Galvenās grūtības saistītas ar nespēju salīdzināt dažādus pētījumus sakarā ar pētniecisko dizainu dažādību, kā arī diagnostikā zelta standarta neesamību. Balstoties uz augstu pozitīvo paredzamo vērtību, ultrasonogrāfijas izmantošanu var rekomendēt kā skrīninga metodi vietās ar augstu pre-testa,
varbūtību un prevalenci. Nākotnes pētniecībai jāvienojas par references intervālu standartizētām vērtībām, negatīvo paredzamo vērtību un ultrasonogrāfijas mērījumu parametriem, kā arī par ultrasonogrāfiskā izmeklējuma veikto anatomisko lokāciju. Pašreizējā stāvoklī nav ieteicams balstīties tikai un vienīgi uz ultrasonogrāfiju.
Objectives: The use of ultrasound as a replacement of nerve conduction studies in the diagnosis of CTS is attracting considerable interest due to its non-invasive nature, being cheaper and faster execution. Since 1985, research has been conducted on the use of ultrasound in the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome. Since then, several studies, reviews of the literature, and meta-analysis have evaluated the diagnostic accuracy and severity staging of ultrasound. Aim: To evaluate current statistical evidence for the use of ultrasound as a diagnostic tool for carpal tunnel syndrome. In addition, several points of criticism were evaluated regarding the current literature. Methods: A literature review was conducted using PubMed for MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and ExLibris Primo and included studies published since 2010. Keywords: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, Diagnosis, Ultrasonography. Conclusion: Ultrasound is a promising tool for the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome. The cut-off values for CSA at the pisiform bone level ranged from 8.5mm2 to 13mm2, leading to a sensitivity range of 57% to 96.69% and a specificity of 47% to 100%. It was shown that the combination of several US parameters and other examination tests is a reliable tool with a diagnostic accuracy of 79.8%. In addition, the use of various internal controls has been assessed. The use of the median-to-ulnar nerve difference demonstrated a sensitivity of 94% and a specificity of 69%. Using a wrist-circumference-optimized equation resulted in a sensitivity and specificity of 75%. The data showed promising results for the use of ultrasound as a diagnostic tool. However, the ability to reliably assess the severity of CTS remains unclear. The main drawback is the lack of comparability due to the diversity of study designs and the lack of a diagnostic gold standard. Based on a high PPV the use of US can be recommended as a screening tool in locations with a high pre-test probability and prevalence. Future research should agree on standards for reference ranges, NCS and US measurements, as well as the anatomic location of US evaluation. In its current state, it is not recommended to rely solely on US.
Objectives: The use of ultrasound as a replacement of nerve conduction studies in the diagnosis of CTS is attracting considerable interest due to its non-invasive nature, being cheaper and faster execution. Since 1985, research has been conducted on the use of ultrasound in the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome. Since then, several studies, reviews of the literature, and meta-analysis have evaluated the diagnostic accuracy and severity staging of ultrasound. Aim: To evaluate current statistical evidence for the use of ultrasound as a diagnostic tool for carpal tunnel syndrome. In addition, several points of criticism were evaluated regarding the current literature. Methods: A literature review was conducted using PubMed for MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and ExLibris Primo and included studies published since 2010. Keywords: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, Diagnosis, Ultrasonography. Conclusion: Ultrasound is a promising tool for the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome. The cut-off values for CSA at the pisiform bone level ranged from 8.5mm2 to 13mm2, leading to a sensitivity range of 57% to 96.69% and a specificity of 47% to 100%. It was shown that the combination of several US parameters and other examination tests is a reliable tool with a diagnostic accuracy of 79.8%. In addition, the use of various internal controls has been assessed. The use of the median-to-ulnar nerve difference demonstrated a sensitivity of 94% and a specificity of 69%. Using a wrist-circumference-optimized equation resulted in a sensitivity and specificity of 75%. The data showed promising results for the use of ultrasound as a diagnostic tool. However, the ability to reliably assess the severity of CTS remains unclear. The main drawback is the lack of comparability due to the diversity of study designs and the lack of a diagnostic gold standard. Based on a high PPV the use of US can be recommended as a screening tool in locations with a high pre-test probability and prevalence. Future research should agree on standards for reference ranges, NCS and US measurements, as well as the anatomic location of US evaluation. In its current state, it is not recommended to rely solely on US.
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Medicīna
Medicine
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Health Care
Medicine
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Health Care