Latvijas ērču encefalīta vakcinācijas aptvērums un faktori, kas ietekmē lēmumu par vakcināciju.
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Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte
Rīga Stradiņš University
Rīga Stradiņš University
Kopsavilkums
Mērķis.
Ērču encefalīts (ĒE) ir vīrusu infekcija, kas ietekmē centrālo nervu sistēmu un var rezultēties ar invaliditāti un nāvi. Pēc Pasaules Veselības organizācijas datiem, Latvija ir ĒE endēmiska valsts, kas vietējiem iedzīvotājiem rada paaugstinātu inficēšanās risku. Adekvāta vakcinācija pret ĒE ir drošākais aizsardzības līdzeklis pret šo slimību.
Materiāli un metodes.
Tika veikta anonīma aptauja, kurā tika iegūta informācija par ĒE vakcinācijas biežumu un faktoriem, kas to ietekmē. Dati tika analizēti, izmantojot IBM SPSS.
Rezultāti.
No 680 respondentiem atbilstoši valsts imunizācijas kalendāram (VIK) bija vakcinēti 52,5% (N = 357). Neskatoties uz to, ka 87,9% (N = 598) no respondentiem ĒE uzskata par dzīvībai bīstamu, tikai 42,4% (N = 288) ir saņēmuši vakcīnu pret to. Septiņdesmit trīs procenti respondentu, kuri ir vakcinēti saskaņā ar VIK, arī bija vakcinēti pret ĒE, tajā pašā laikā tikai 7,5% nevakcinētu personu ir vakcinēti pret ĒE. Ir statistiski nozīmīga atšķirība starp imunizācijas biežumu pret ĒĒ atkarībā no personas imunizācijas statusa atbilstoši VIK (Chi-kvadrāts (1, N = 679) = 306,491, p <0,005). Galvenie iemesli, kāpēc respondenti atteicas no vakcīnas ir līdzekļu trūkums (30,8%; N = 120), laika trūkums (19,8%; N = 77) un bažas par blakusparādībām (18,3%; N = 71). Jautāti par cenu, 35,1% (N = 237) uzskatīja, ka valsts vakcināciju pret ĒE ir pilnībā jāmaksā; 27,7% (N = 187) par cenu, kuru viņi varēja atļauties samaksāt par ĒE vakcīnu, izvēlējās 6–10 eiro diapazonu.
Secinājumi.
Ir vērts vairāk uzmanības veltīt skaidrojošām sarunām ar pacientu par vakcīnas nepieciešamību un drošību, lai pacienti neatteiktos no vakcīnas tikai tāpēc, ka baidās no iespējamām blakusparādībām. Ir arī vērts izvirzīt jautājumu, ja ne par pilnu, tad vismaz par daļēju vakcīnas līdzfinansējumu, jo finansiālais aspekts bija galvenais iemesls, kāpēc respondenti atteicās no imunizācijas. ĒE vakcīnas biežumu varētu uzlabot ar efektīvu sabiedrības veselības informāciju, lai palielinātu izpratni par ĒE un uzticēšanos vakcinācijai.
Objectives. Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is an infectious viral disease affecting central nervous system that can lead to disability and death. According to World Health Organization, Latvia is TBE endemic country, leading local residents to higher risk of infection. Adequate vaccination against TBE is the safest way of protection against disease. Materials and Methods. A survey was conducted, information was obtained on the extent of TBE vaccination coverage and factors influencing it. Data was analyzed using IBM SPSS. Results. Out of 680 respondents, compliance with state immunization schedule (SIS) was 52,5%(N=357). Despite the fact 87,9%(N=598) consider tick-borne encephalitis to be a lifethreatening, only 42,4%(N=288) have received vaccine against it. Seventy-three percent of respondents who are vaccinated according SIS, also had TBE vaccine, at the same time only 7,5% unvaccinated persons have TBE vaccine. There is a statistically significant difference between immunization rates against TBE depending on persons’ immunization status according to SIS (Chi-square(1,N=679)=306,491, p<0,005). Main reasons for not taking vaccination were lack of funds (30,8%;N=120), lack of time (19,8%;N=77) and concerns about side effects (18,3%;N=71). When asked about the price, 35,1%(N=237) believed that TBE vaccination should be fully paid be the state, but 27,7%(N=187) chose 6-10 euros as the price which they could afford to pay for TBE vaccine. Conclusions. It is worthwhile to devote more attention to explanatory conversations with the patient about the need and safety of the vaccine, so that patients do not refuse the vaccine just because of the fear about possible side effects. Also, it is worth to raise the question, if not about the full, then at least partial state of vaccine co-funding, since financial aspect was the main reason why respondents refused immunization. TBE vaccine uptake and compliance could be improved with effective public health information to increase TBE awareness and trust in vaccination
Objectives. Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is an infectious viral disease affecting central nervous system that can lead to disability and death. According to World Health Organization, Latvia is TBE endemic country, leading local residents to higher risk of infection. Adequate vaccination against TBE is the safest way of protection against disease. Materials and Methods. A survey was conducted, information was obtained on the extent of TBE vaccination coverage and factors influencing it. Data was analyzed using IBM SPSS. Results. Out of 680 respondents, compliance with state immunization schedule (SIS) was 52,5%(N=357). Despite the fact 87,9%(N=598) consider tick-borne encephalitis to be a lifethreatening, only 42,4%(N=288) have received vaccine against it. Seventy-three percent of respondents who are vaccinated according SIS, also had TBE vaccine, at the same time only 7,5% unvaccinated persons have TBE vaccine. There is a statistically significant difference between immunization rates against TBE depending on persons’ immunization status according to SIS (Chi-square(1,N=679)=306,491, p<0,005). Main reasons for not taking vaccination were lack of funds (30,8%;N=120), lack of time (19,8%;N=77) and concerns about side effects (18,3%;N=71). When asked about the price, 35,1%(N=237) believed that TBE vaccination should be fully paid be the state, but 27,7%(N=187) chose 6-10 euros as the price which they could afford to pay for TBE vaccine. Conclusions. It is worthwhile to devote more attention to explanatory conversations with the patient about the need and safety of the vaccine, so that patients do not refuse the vaccine just because of the fear about possible side effects. Also, it is worth to raise the question, if not about the full, then at least partial state of vaccine co-funding, since financial aspect was the main reason why respondents refused immunization. TBE vaccine uptake and compliance could be improved with effective public health information to increase TBE awareness and trust in vaccination
Description
Medicīna
Medicine
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care
Medicine
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care