Melnā plūškoka ekstraktu identifikācija un raksturojums, izmantojot hromatogrāfisko un spektroskopisko "pirkstu nospiedumu" metodi
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Date
2023
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Journal ISSN
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Publisher
Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte
Rīga Stradiņš University
Rīga Stradiņš University
Abstract
Plūškoka dažādo polifenolu un vitamīnu bagātība nodrošina imūnsistēmas stiprinošu, pretiekaisumu un antioksidantu darbību. Pateicoties tā plašajam terapeitiskajam spektram un pandēmijai mūsdienās, tā popularitāte ir strauji pieaugusi. Pieaugot pieprasījumam, saasinās arī ekonomiski motivēta viltošana, padarot plūškoka uztura bagātinātājus neaizsargātus pret to aizstāšanu ar ekonomiski izdevīgākām ogām/augļiem. Tādēļ ķīmisko pirkstu nospiedumu noņemšanas metodi varētu izmantot, lai pēc iespējas ātrāk un efektīvāk spētu noteikt produkta tīrību. Pētījuma mērķis bija iegūt ķīmiskos pirkstu nospiedumus plūškoka ogu un plūškoka ziedu ekstraktiem, un četriem citiem vizuāli līdzīgiem augu ekstraktiem, un noteikt, vai izstrādātā metode ir piemērota šo ārstniecības augu identificēšanai un raksturošanai.
No katra ārstniecības auga - Sambucus nigra (ziedi, ogas), Vaccinium macrocarpon (ogas), Vaccinium myrtillus (ogas), Vaccinium corymbosum (ogas), Hibiscus sabdariffa (kausiņi) - tika savākti un, ar macerācijas metodi ekstrahēti, vismaz 3 dažādi paraugi trīs eksemplāros. Divpadsmit polifenoli tika izmantoti kā references standarti. Pirkstu nospiedumu iegūšanai tika veikta augstas izšķirtspējas šķidruma hromatogrāfija ar UV detektoru (AIŠH - UV) 3 dažādos viļņu garumos - 280 nm, 360 nm un 520 nm, augstas izšķirtspējas plānslāņa hromatogrāfija (AIPH) un Furjē transformācijas infrasarkanā spektroskopija (FTIR). Statistiskā analīze tika veikta izmantojot SpectraGyph 1.2.16.1, SpecAlign, Origin 10, SIMCA 14, OMNIC un Chromeleon 7 programmatūru.
Visos ārstniecības augu paraugos tika konstatēta hlorogēnskābe, kofeīnskābe un rutīns. Papildus tam, plūškoka ziedi satur kaempferolu un apigenīna 7 – glikozīdu, bet plūškoka ogas – kvercetīnu. Principiālo komponentu analīzē, analizētie ārstniecības augi veidoja kompaktas, atsevišķas kopas. AIŠH pirkstu nospiedumu līdzību var ievērojami uzlabot, pielāgojot aiztures laikus katra ārstniecības auga vidējai hromatogrammai.
Ķīmiskie pirkstu nospiedumi ir daudzsološa, ātra un efektīva metode, ko var izmantot ārstniecības augu raksturošanai, kā arī kā rīku iespējamo ārstniecības augu viltojumu identificēšanai.
Richness in various polyphenols and vitamins gives elderberry immune system strengthening, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. With its wide therapeutic spectrum and in today’s pandemic its popularity has increased immensely. As the demand increases, also economically motivated adulteration is escalating, making elderberry dietary supplements vulnerable to counterfeiting with cheaper berries/fruits. Therefore, the chemical fingerprinting method could be used to determine the pureness of the product as quickly and efficiently as possible. The aim of the research was to obtain chemical fingerprints of elderberry and elderflower extracts and four other visually similar herbal extracts, and to determine if the developed method is suitable for the identification and characterization of these medicinal plants. At least 3 different samples from each medicinal plant - Sambucus nigra (flowers, berries), Vaccinium macrocarpon (berries), Vaccinium myrtillus (berries), Vaccinium corymbosum (berries), Hibiscus sabdariffa (calyces) - were collected and extracted using the maceration method in triplicate. Twelve polyphenols were used as reference standards. To obtain fingerprints high-performance liquid chromatography with a UV detector (HPLC - UV) at 3 different wavelengths - 280 nm, 360 nm, and 520 nm, high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used. Statistical analysis was performed using SpectraGyph 1.2.16.1, SpecAlign, Origin 10, SIMCA 14, OMNIC and Chromeleon 7 software. Chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and rutin were detected in all medicinal plant samples. In addition, elderflowers contain kaempferol and apigenin – 7 – glucoside, but elderberries – quercetin. In principal component analysis, analysed medicinal plants formed compact, separate clusters. HPLC fingerprint similarity can be greatly improved by adjusting retention times to the average chromatogram of each medicinal plant. Chemical fingerprints are a promising, quick, and efficient method that can be used for medicinal plant characterization, as well as a tool for the identification of possible medicinal plant adulterations.
Richness in various polyphenols and vitamins gives elderberry immune system strengthening, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities. With its wide therapeutic spectrum and in today’s pandemic its popularity has increased immensely. As the demand increases, also economically motivated adulteration is escalating, making elderberry dietary supplements vulnerable to counterfeiting with cheaper berries/fruits. Therefore, the chemical fingerprinting method could be used to determine the pureness of the product as quickly and efficiently as possible. The aim of the research was to obtain chemical fingerprints of elderberry and elderflower extracts and four other visually similar herbal extracts, and to determine if the developed method is suitable for the identification and characterization of these medicinal plants. At least 3 different samples from each medicinal plant - Sambucus nigra (flowers, berries), Vaccinium macrocarpon (berries), Vaccinium myrtillus (berries), Vaccinium corymbosum (berries), Hibiscus sabdariffa (calyces) - were collected and extracted using the maceration method in triplicate. Twelve polyphenols were used as reference standards. To obtain fingerprints high-performance liquid chromatography with a UV detector (HPLC - UV) at 3 different wavelengths - 280 nm, 360 nm, and 520 nm, high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used. Statistical analysis was performed using SpectraGyph 1.2.16.1, SpecAlign, Origin 10, SIMCA 14, OMNIC and Chromeleon 7 software. Chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, and rutin were detected in all medicinal plant samples. In addition, elderflowers contain kaempferol and apigenin – 7 – glucoside, but elderberries – quercetin. In principal component analysis, analysed medicinal plants formed compact, separate clusters. HPLC fingerprint similarity can be greatly improved by adjusting retention times to the average chromatogram of each medicinal plant. Chemical fingerprints are a promising, quick, and efficient method that can be used for medicinal plant characterization, as well as a tool for the identification of possible medicinal plant adulterations.
Description
Farmācija
Pharmacy
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care
Pharmacy
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care
Keywords
Plūškoks; Augu ekstrakts; Pirkstu nospiedumi; Polifenoli; AIŠH; AIPH; FTIR; Viltošana., Elderberry; Herbal extract; Fingerprinting; Polyphenols; HPLC; TLC; FTIR, Adulteration.