Primārās profilakses elementi Latvijas veselības sistēmā fizisko aktivitāšu veicināšanai
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Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte
Rīga Stradiņš University
Rīga Stradiņš University
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Fiziskās aktivitātes ir būtisks veselības veicināšanas un primārās profilakses elements, kas palīdz novērst hroniskas slimības un uzlabo dzīves kvalitāti. Lai gan Pasaules Veselības organizācija (PVO) uzsver fizisko aktivitāšu nozīmi sabiedrības veselībā, Latvijā to integrācija veselības aprūpes politikā joprojām ir ierobežota. Šī pētījuma mērķis ir noskaidrot, kādi ir galvenie primārās profilakses elementi Latvijas veselības aprūpē, kas saistīti ar fizisko aktivitāšu veicināšanu.
Analīzei tika izmantoti kvalitatīvās satura analīzes principi, pētot normatīvos un politikas dokumentus: “Sabiedrības veselības pamatnostādnes 2021–2027”, “Nacionālais attīstības plāns 2021–2027”, Sporta likums, Izglītības likums un vairāki Ministru kabineta noteikumi. Dati klasificēti pēc PVO stratēģiskā ietvara četriem blokiem: aktīva sabiedrība, vide, cilvēks un sistēma. Katrs bloks satur konkrētus īstenošanas elementus, kuru pārklājums tika izvērtēts.
Rezultāti liecina, ka tikai 10% no izvērtētajiem 20 elementiem ir pilnībā ieviesti, 60% daļēji, bet 30% nav ieviesti vispār. Labi attīstīti aspekti ir saistīti ar pilsētvides infrastruktūru – piemēram, veloceliņiem un sabiedrības sporta aktivitātēm. Savukārt nepietiekami nodrošināti ir pielāgoti risinājumi senioriem, cilvēkiem ar invaliditāti un sabiedrības līdzdalības mehānismi. Būtiska problēma ir arī īslaicīgu projektu dominance un sistemātiskas pieejas trūkums.
Pētījumā konstatēts, ka veselības aprūpes speciālistu, īpaši fizioterapeitu, iesaiste profilakses pasākumos nav pietiekami integrēta. Tāpat trūkst sistematizētas pacientu novērtēšanas un konsultēšanas par fizisko aktivitāšu nozīmi. Daudzās Latvijas vietās pieejamība infrastruktūrai un programmām ir ierobežota, īpaši lauku reģionos.
Secinājumos uzsvērta nepieciešamība izstrādāt vienotu, uz datiem balstītu valsts stratēģiju, kas stiprinātu starpnozaru sadarbību un nodrošinātu fiziskās aktivitātes kā sabiedrības veselības prioritāti. Ieteikts attīstīt pielāgotas, valsts atbalstītas programmas visām sabiedrības grupām.
Physical activity is a key component of health promotion and primary prevention, helping to prevent chronic diseases and improve quality of life. While the World Health Organization (WHO) emphasizes the importance of integrating physical activity at all levels of society, its inclusion in health policy and practice in Latvia remains limited. The aim of this research is to identify the main elements of primary prevention in the Latvian health system related to the promotion of physical activity. The study used qualitative content analysis to examine normative and policy documents, including the “Public Health Guidelines 2021–2027,” the “National Development Plan 2021–2027,” the Sports and Education Laws, and several Cabinet of Ministers regulations. The data were categorized according to the WHO Global Action Plan framework, structured into four strategic pillars: active society, active environment, active people, and active systems. Each pillar contains implementation elements that were assessed for coverage. Results show that only 10% of the 20 analyzed elements are fully implemented, 60% are partially implemented, and 30% are not implemented at all. The most developed aspects relate to infrastructure in urban environments—such as bike lanes and access to public sports activities. The least developed areas include targeted initiatives for seniors, people with disabilities, and mechanisms for public involvement. A key problem is the dominance of short-term projects and the lack of a systematic approach. The study also found that the role of healthcare professionals—particularly physiotherapists—in prevention is not sufficiently integrated into health policies. There is a lack of structured patient assessment and consultation regarding physical activity. Many areas in Latvia still face limited access to infrastructure and programs, especially in rural regions. The conclusions highlight the need for a unified, evidence-based national strategy that strengthens cross-sector collaboration and ensures the prioritization of physical activity in public health. It is recommended to develop tailored, state-supported programs that are accessible to all population groups.
Physical activity is a key component of health promotion and primary prevention, helping to prevent chronic diseases and improve quality of life. While the World Health Organization (WHO) emphasizes the importance of integrating physical activity at all levels of society, its inclusion in health policy and practice in Latvia remains limited. The aim of this research is to identify the main elements of primary prevention in the Latvian health system related to the promotion of physical activity. The study used qualitative content analysis to examine normative and policy documents, including the “Public Health Guidelines 2021–2027,” the “National Development Plan 2021–2027,” the Sports and Education Laws, and several Cabinet of Ministers regulations. The data were categorized according to the WHO Global Action Plan framework, structured into four strategic pillars: active society, active environment, active people, and active systems. Each pillar contains implementation elements that were assessed for coverage. Results show that only 10% of the 20 analyzed elements are fully implemented, 60% are partially implemented, and 30% are not implemented at all. The most developed aspects relate to infrastructure in urban environments—such as bike lanes and access to public sports activities. The least developed areas include targeted initiatives for seniors, people with disabilities, and mechanisms for public involvement. A key problem is the dominance of short-term projects and the lack of a systematic approach. The study also found that the role of healthcare professionals—particularly physiotherapists—in prevention is not sufficiently integrated into health policies. There is a lack of structured patient assessment and consultation regarding physical activity. Many areas in Latvia still face limited access to infrastructure and programs, especially in rural regions. The conclusions highlight the need for a unified, evidence-based national strategy that strengthens cross-sector collaboration and ensures the prioritization of physical activity in public health. It is recommended to develop tailored, state-supported programs that are accessible to all population groups.
Description
Rehabilitācija
Rehabilitation
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care
Rehabilitation
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care