Evaluating the Clinical Utility of Novel Biomarkers in Heart Failure: Galectin-3, ST2 and Neprilysin – a Literature Review

Abstract

the paper explores potential revolutionizing biomarkers for heart failure that can be utilized in prediction, diagostics, mortality, treatment and more. The biomarkers in question were Galectin-3, Neprilysin, and ST2 (Suppression of Tumorigenicity 2).

Galectin-3 have shown capability in prognostic values. It can be utilized in incidence and mortality of heart failure. One of the major flaws is the lack of specificity and diagnostic utility due to other involvement in other organs.

Suppression of tumorigenicity 2 or ST2, has displayed better utility when combined with NT-proBNP in predicting heart failure prediction including hospitalization and mortality. the major flaw of this markers is the fact that it works best in serial measurements while other current markers is enough with only one sample.

Neprilysin often discussed as Neprilysin inhibitors (ANRi) have shown breakthrough statistics and even made it into some heart failure guidelines. it has shown great outcomes in reducing mortality and hospitalization but some cognitive function decline have flown under the radar compromising its beneficial use.