Skolu tīkla un administratīvi teritoriālo reformu ietekmes novērtējums uz vidējās izglītības pieejamību un kvalitāti Latvijā
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Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte
Rīga Stradiņš University
Rīga Stradiņš University
Kopsavilkums
Teikt, ka izglītība ir ļoti svarīga, būtu nepietiekams apgalvojums. Izglītība ir instruments personas dzīves uzlabošanai, kā arī, iespējams, vissvarīgākais dzīves mainīšanas rīks. Izglītība ir aspekts, kas spēj uzlabot personas zināšanas, prasmes, kā arī attīstīt personību un attieksmi.
Tomēr vienlīdz svarīgi ir apzināties to, cik svarīga loma ir tieši kvalitatīvai izglītībai, kā arī tās pieejamībai. Šie aspekti ir īpaši aktualizēti pēdējo gadu laikā, kad Ministru prezidenta Krišjāņa Kariņa (“Jaunā vienotība”) izveidotās valdības deklarācijā tika uzsvērtas vairākas nepieciešamas reformas, no kurām divas bija – administratīvi teritoriālā reforma un skolu tīkla optimizācijas reforma. Šo reformu nepieciešamību pamatoja ar daudz un dažādiem argumentiem, tomēr to mērķis zināmā mērā bija līdzīgs – nodrošināt bērniem un jauniešiem kvalitatīvu izglītību, kā arī efektivizēt skolu tīklu, tādējādi ietaupot resursus.
Abas minētās reformas pēc būtības tika gatavotas reizē un mijiedarbojoties, jo skolu tīkla reforma bez teritoriālās reformas nebūtu iespējama, ņemot vērā, ka skolu tīkla optimizācijas nolūkos jāzina jauno pašvaldību teritoriālais iedalījums. Īpaši svarīgi būtu saprast, vai šīs abas reformas tiešām tika izstrādātas mijiedarbojoties, un kopā spēs nodrošināt to, ka skolu tīkls Latvijā nodrošina kvalitatīvu un pieejamu izglītību.
Šī jautājuma analīzei savā maģistra darbā “Skolu tīkla un administratīvi teritoriālo reformu ietekmes novērtējums uz vidējās izglītības pieejamību un kvalitāti Latvijā” ir pievērsusies Silvija Reinberga. Autore, balstoties uz atziņām politisko izmaiņu teorētiskajā rāmējumā, kā arī starptautiskajām rekomendācijām, ir izvērtējusi abu minēto reformu ietekmi uz vidējās izglītības kvalitāti un minētās izglītības pieejamību Latvijā.
Autore identificēja to, ka teritoriālās reformas izstrādes gaitā notika kvalitatīvas izglītības aspekta salāgošana ar plānoto skolu tīkla reformu, tomēr sevišķa uzmanība pieejamības aspektam netika veltīta. Vienlaikus par izglītības nozari atbildīgā Izglītības un zinātnes ministrija sagatavoja kvalitatīvus kritērijus, kurus skolām jāizpilda, lai tās turpinātu saņemt valsts dotāciju pedagogu atalgojumam, kā arī noteica minimālo skolēnu skaitu dažāda reģionālā iedalījuma skolām. Skolas direktori konceptuāli šos kritērijus ir atzinuši par racionāliem, tomēr uzsver, ka būtiska loma būs jaunievēlētajām pašvaldībām, proti, cik jaunās vietvaras būs ieinteresētas skolu tīkla sakārtošanā, ņemot vērā, ka skolas dibinātājs pieņem lēmumu par izglītības iestādes reorganizāciju vai slēgšanu.
Darbā tika secināts, ka administratīvi teritoriālā reforma kopā ar skolu tīkla reformu daļēji veicina vidējās izglītības pieejamības un kvalitātes jautājumu risināšanu Latvijā.
To say that education is very important would be an understatement. Education is a tool for improving a person's life, as well as perhaps the most important tool for changing lives. Education is an aspect that is able to improve a person's knowledge, skills, as well as develop personality and attitude. However, it is equally important to be aware of the importance of quality education and its accessibility. These aspects have become especially relevant in recent years, when the government declaration established by Prime Minister Krišjānis Kariņš (“New Unity”) emphasized a number of necessary reforms, two of which were administrative-territorial reform and school network optimization reform. The need for these reforms was based on many different arguments, but their aim was somewhat similar: to provide quality education for children and young people, and to make the school network more efficient, thus saving resources. In essence, the two reforms were prepared simultaneously and in interaction, as the reform of the school network would not be possible without the territorial reform, given that in order to optimize the school network, it is necessary to know the territorial division of the new municipalities. It was especially important to understand whether these two reforms were really developed in interaction, and together they will be able to ensure that the school network in Latvia provides quality education and accessibility. The author of this master's thesis has addressed the analysis of this issue. She based it on the findings in the theoretical framework of political changes, as well as international recommendations, and evaluated the impact of both mentioned reforms on the quality of secondary education and the availability of this education in Latvia. The author identified the fact that during the development of the territorial reform the aspect of quality education was aligned with the planned reform of the school network, however, no special attention was paid to the aspect of accessibility. At the same time, the Ministry of Education and Science prepared qualitative criteria that schools must meet in order to continue receiving state grants for teachers' salaries, as well as set a minimum number of pupils for schools of different regional divisions. The school principals have conceptually considered these criteria to be rational, but emphasize that the newly elected municipalities will play an important role, ie how many new localities will be interested in reorganizing the school network, given that the school founder decides to reorganize or close. The paper concluded that the administrative-territorial reform together with the school network reform partially contributes to solving the issues of accessibility and quality of secondary education in Latvia.
To say that education is very important would be an understatement. Education is a tool for improving a person's life, as well as perhaps the most important tool for changing lives. Education is an aspect that is able to improve a person's knowledge, skills, as well as develop personality and attitude. However, it is equally important to be aware of the importance of quality education and its accessibility. These aspects have become especially relevant in recent years, when the government declaration established by Prime Minister Krišjānis Kariņš (“New Unity”) emphasized a number of necessary reforms, two of which were administrative-territorial reform and school network optimization reform. The need for these reforms was based on many different arguments, but their aim was somewhat similar: to provide quality education for children and young people, and to make the school network more efficient, thus saving resources. In essence, the two reforms were prepared simultaneously and in interaction, as the reform of the school network would not be possible without the territorial reform, given that in order to optimize the school network, it is necessary to know the territorial division of the new municipalities. It was especially important to understand whether these two reforms were really developed in interaction, and together they will be able to ensure that the school network in Latvia provides quality education and accessibility. The author of this master's thesis has addressed the analysis of this issue. She based it on the findings in the theoretical framework of political changes, as well as international recommendations, and evaluated the impact of both mentioned reforms on the quality of secondary education and the availability of this education in Latvia. The author identified the fact that during the development of the territorial reform the aspect of quality education was aligned with the planned reform of the school network, however, no special attention was paid to the aspect of accessibility. At the same time, the Ministry of Education and Science prepared qualitative criteria that schools must meet in order to continue receiving state grants for teachers' salaries, as well as set a minimum number of pupils for schools of different regional divisions. The school principals have conceptually considered these criteria to be rational, but emphasize that the newly elected municipalities will play an important role, ie how many new localities will be interested in reorganizing the school network, given that the school founder decides to reorganize or close. The paper concluded that the administrative-territorial reform together with the school network reform partially contributes to solving the issues of accessibility and quality of secondary education in Latvia.
Description
Reģionālā politika un valsts pārvaldība
Regional Politics and State Administration
Socioloģija, politoloģija un antropoloģija
Sociology, Politics and Anthropology
Regional Politics and State Administration
Socioloģija, politoloģija un antropoloģija
Sociology, Politics and Anthropology
Atslēgas vārdi
IZM, VARAM, ATR, LIVA, LPS, skolu tīkla optimizācijas reforma, Ministry of Education and Science, Ministry of Environmental Protection and Regional Development, Administrative Territorial Reform, School Network Optimization Reform, Latvian Local Government Union, Latvian Association of Education Managers