Galvenie diabētiskas ketoacidozes iemesli dekompensētiem diabētiskiem pacientiem, retrospektīvs pētījums no 2015-2019. gadam Rīgas Austrumu klīniskās universitātes slimnīcā
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Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte
Rīga Stradiņš University
Rīga Stradiņš University
Kopsavilkums
Mērķi
Viena no dzīvībai bīstamākajām cukura diabēta (CD) komplikācijām ir diabētiskā ketoacidoze (DKA). DKA diagnostikas kritēriji: hiperglikēmija (>13,9 mmol/L), metabola acidoze (pH<7,3) un paaugstināta ketonēmija (>3 mmol/L) vai nozīmīga ketonūrija. Šis pētījums koncentrējas uz DKA prevelance CD pacientu vidū un galvenajiem cēloņiem.
Metodes
Tika veikta retrospektīva datu analīze, iekļaujot 445 pacientus, kuri no 2015.-2019. gadam tika diagnosticēti un hospitalizēti ar DKA Rīgas Austrumu klīniskās universitātes slimnīcā. Datu analīze tika veikta ar SPSS 26.0.
Rezultāti
Piecu gadu periodā no 445 dekompensētiem un hospitalizētiem pacientiem ar diagnosticētu DKA 36,3% (n = 163) bija 1. tipa CD (CD1), 47,9% (n = 213) 2. tipa CD (CD2), 13,5% (n = 60) cita etioloģija, 2% (n = 9) nav informācijas par CD tipu. 2,5% (n = 11) pacientu dekompensācijas cēlonis nebija zināms. Turpmākā analīze ietvēra CD1 un CD2 pacientu grupas. Dekompensācijas iemesli CD1 pacientiem (n = 157): pirmreizēji diagnosticēts CD 29,3% (n = 46); pārmērīga alkohola lietošana 19,1% (n = 30); CD pakāpeniska dekompensācija 17,8% (n = 28); izlaistas insulīna injekcijas 17,8% (n = 28); infekcija 10,2% (n = 16); dekompensācija, kas saistīta ar hroniskām slimībām, 5,7% (n = 9). Dekompensācijas cēloņi CD2 pacientiem (n = 211): pirmreizēji diagnosticēts CD 39,3% (n = 83); pārmērīga alkohola lietošana 4,7% (n = 10); CD pakāpeniska dekompensācija 28,9% (n = 61); izlaistas insulīna injekcijas 8,5% (n = 18); infekcija 8,1% (n = 17); dekompensācija, kas saistīta ar hroniskām slimībām, 10,4% (n = 22).
Secinājumi
Dekompensācijas iemesli, kas noveduši pie DKA, bija statistiski nozīmīgi (p <0,001) atšķirīgi starp CD1 un CD2 pacientiem. Visbiežākais iemesls bija pirmreizēji diagnosticēts CD gan CD2, gan CD1. Šis pētījums parāda īpašas diabēta slimnieku grupas, kurām, iespējams, būtu nepieciešami uzlabojumi ambulatorā aprūpē un apmācībā.
Objectives One of the most life-threatening complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) is diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). DKA diagnostic criteria: hyperglycemia (>13,9 mmol/L), metabolic acidosis (pH<7.3), and increased ketonaemia (>3 mmol/L) or significant ketonuria. This study focuses on prevalence of DKA among DM patients and the main causes. Methods A retrospective data analysis was made including 445 patients diagnosed and hospitalized at the Rīga East University hospital with DKA in 2015-2019. Data analysis with SPSS 26.0. Results In the 5 year period from 445 decompensated and hospitalized patients with diagnosed DKA, 36.3% (n=163) had type 1 DM (DM1), 47.9% (n=213) had type 2 DM (DM2), 13.5% (n=60) other etiology, 2% (n=9) no information on the DM type. For 2.5% (n=11) patients the decompensation cause was unknown. Further analysis included DM1 and DM2 patient groups. Causes for decompensation for DM1 patients (n=157): newly diagnosed DM 29.3% (n=46); alcohol abuse 19.1% (n=30); DM gradual decompensation 17.8% (n=28); skipped insulin injections 17.8% (n=28); infection 10.2% (n=16); decompensation associated with chronic illness 5.7% (n=9). Causes for decompensation for DM2 patients (n=211): newly diagnosed DM 39.3% (n=83); alcohol abuse 4.7% (n=10); DM gradual decompensation 28.9% (n=61); skipped insulin injections 8.5% (n=18); infection 8.1% (n=17); decompensation associated with chronic illness 10.4% (n=22). Conclusions The causes for decompensation leading to DKA had statistically significant (p<0,001) differences between DM1 and DM2 patients. The most frequent cause being newly diagnosed DM for both DM2 and DM1. This study shows specific groups of diabetic patients, which could potentially need improved outpatient care and instructing.
Objectives One of the most life-threatening complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) is diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). DKA diagnostic criteria: hyperglycemia (>13,9 mmol/L), metabolic acidosis (pH<7.3), and increased ketonaemia (>3 mmol/L) or significant ketonuria. This study focuses on prevalence of DKA among DM patients and the main causes. Methods A retrospective data analysis was made including 445 patients diagnosed and hospitalized at the Rīga East University hospital with DKA in 2015-2019. Data analysis with SPSS 26.0. Results In the 5 year period from 445 decompensated and hospitalized patients with diagnosed DKA, 36.3% (n=163) had type 1 DM (DM1), 47.9% (n=213) had type 2 DM (DM2), 13.5% (n=60) other etiology, 2% (n=9) no information on the DM type. For 2.5% (n=11) patients the decompensation cause was unknown. Further analysis included DM1 and DM2 patient groups. Causes for decompensation for DM1 patients (n=157): newly diagnosed DM 29.3% (n=46); alcohol abuse 19.1% (n=30); DM gradual decompensation 17.8% (n=28); skipped insulin injections 17.8% (n=28); infection 10.2% (n=16); decompensation associated with chronic illness 5.7% (n=9). Causes for decompensation for DM2 patients (n=211): newly diagnosed DM 39.3% (n=83); alcohol abuse 4.7% (n=10); DM gradual decompensation 28.9% (n=61); skipped insulin injections 8.5% (n=18); infection 8.1% (n=17); decompensation associated with chronic illness 10.4% (n=22). Conclusions The causes for decompensation leading to DKA had statistically significant (p<0,001) differences between DM1 and DM2 patients. The most frequent cause being newly diagnosed DM for both DM2 and DM1. This study shows specific groups of diabetic patients, which could potentially need improved outpatient care and instructing.
Description
Medicīna
Medicine
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care
Medicine
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care