Vecmātes pieredze darbā stacionārā dzemdību speciālistu komandā normālu dzemdību nodrošināšanas kontekstā
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Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte
Rīga Stradiņš University
Rīga Stradiņš University
Kopsavilkums
Dzemdības - tas ir īpašs notikums sievietes un
viņas partnera dzīvē. Ikviena sieviete šo notikumu vēlas izdzīvot un atcerēties kā pozitīvu un
normālu dzemdību pieredzi. Mūsdienās pieaug tendence medicīnisko manipulāciju
pielietošanai dzemdībās (Ely et al., 2020). Tiek pausts, ka pielietojot medicīniskās
manipulācijas, samazinās pašas sievietes spējas piedzīvot fizioloģiskas vaginālas dzemdības,
jo manipulāciju pielietošana ietekmē gan dzemdības no fiziskās, gan emocionālās puses
(Bohrem et al., 2017). Gadu gaitā interese par jēdzienu “normālas dzemdības” ir augusi. 20.
gadsimta beigās Pasaules Veselības organizācija (PVO) noteica, ka normālu dzemdību jēdziens
atbilst zema riska grūtniecībai, kā arī pēc tam spontānai dzemdību darbībai laika posmā no 37.
līdz 42. grūtniecības nedēļai, piedzimstot veselam jaundzimušajam, kā arī mātei paliekot labā
veselības stāvoklī (Ely et al., 2020). Šī definīcija nav pilnīga, jo neiekļauj pēcdzemdību periodu,
kā arī manipulācijas, kuru pielietošana būtu iespējama normālu dzemdību kontekstā.
Pierādījumos balstīti avoti min, ka šis termins nav viennozīmīgs un ir nepieciešamība pēc
precīzākas definīcijas (Ely et al., 2020).Pētījuma mērķis: pētīt vecmāšu viedokli par jēdzienu “normālas dzemdības” un viņu
pieredzi to aizsardzībā stacionārā, intranatālās aprūpes speciālistu komandas darba ietvaros.
Pētījuma metodoloģija: Tika veikts kvalitatīvs pētījums ar fenomenoloģijas metodi, kas
ļauj izprast kādu konkrētu dzīves pieredzi vai notikuma uzbūvi un uzzināt, kā respondenti
interpretē šo pieredzi. Vecmātes brīvprātīgi tika aicinātas piedalīties daļēji strukturētā intervijā,
atbilstoši noteiktajiem atlases kritērijiem, iepriekš informējot par pētījuma tēmu, mērķi un
sniegto atbilžu konfidencialitāti.Pētījuma rezultāti: Interviju atbildes tika sadalītas 7 tēmās, 13 apakštēmās, 15
kategorijās. Rezultātos tika izdalītas šādas septiņas tēmas: normālu dzemdību jēdziens,
sievietes un viņas partera zināšanas un vēlmes dzemdībās, normālu dzemdību veicinošās
stratēģijas, sievietes starpenes audu stāvoklis normālās dzemdībās, normālas dzemdības un
jaundzimušais, vecmātes autonomija normālās dzemdībās, vecmātes sadarbība ar intranatālās
komandas locekļiem normālās dzemdībās.Secinājumi: normālas dzemdības ir ar minimālu vai bez jebkādas medicīnisko
manipulāciju pielietošanas. Vecmāte pielieto gan emocionālās, gan fiziskās stratēģijas normālu
dzemdību uzturēšanai. Tiek sagaidītas sievietes un viņas partnera zināšanas un vēlme
sadarboties normālu dzemdību kontekstā. Normālās dzemdībās sieviete un jaundzimušais ir
veseli, kā arī vecmāte ir kompetenta būt ar sievieti normālās dzemdībās viena pati. Tomēr, ja
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tiek iesaistīti arī citi intranatālās komandas locekļi, vecmāte, komunicējot ar tiem, veicina un
aizsargā normālu dzemdību nodrošināšanu mātei un bērnam.
Childbirth is a special event in the life of a woman and her partner. Every woman wants to experience this event and remember it as a positive and normal birth experience. Nowadays, there is a growing tendency to use medical manipulations in childbirth (Ely et al., 2020). It is stated that when applying medical interventions, the woman's own ability to experience a physiological vaginal birth also decreases, because the use of manipulations affects childbirth both physically and emotionally (Bohrem et al., 2017). Over the years, interest in the concept of "normal birth" has grown. At the end of the 20th century, the World Health Organization (WHO) defined the concept of normal birth as a low-risk pregnancy, as well as a spontaneous labor in the period between 37 and 42 weeks of pregnancy, with the birth of a healthy new-born, as well as the mother remaining in good health (Ely et al., 2020). This definition is not complete, as it does not include the postpartum period, as well as manipulations that would be possible to apply in the context of normal childbirth. Evidence-based sources suggest that this term is ambiguous and a more precise definition is needed (Ely et al., 2020).The purpose of the study: To study the opinion of midwives about the concept of normal childbirth and their experience in protecting it within the framework of the work of the team of inpatient, intranatal care specialists. Research methodology: A qualitative study was conducted using the phenomenology method, which allows to understand a specific life experience or the structure of an event and to learn how the respondents interpret this experience. Midwives were voluntarily invited to participate in a semi-structured interview, in accordance with the established selection criteria, having been informed in advance about the topic of the study, the purpose and the confidentiality of the answers given. Research results: Interview responses were divided into 7 themes, 13 sub-themes, 15 categories. The following seven topics were distinguished in the results: the concept of normal birth, the knowledge and wishes of women and their partners during birth, strategies promoting normal birth, the perineum of a woman during normal birth, normal birth and the new-born, the midwife's autonomy during normal birth, the midwife's cooperation with members of the intranatal team during normal birth.Conclusions: A normal birth is with minimal or no medical intervention. The midwife uses both emotional and physical strategies to maintain a normal birth. The knowledge and willingness of the woman and her partner to cooperate in the context of a normal birth is 5 expected. In a normal birth, the woman and the new-born are healthy, and the midwife is competent to be alone with the woman in a normal birth. However, when other members of the intranatal team are involved, the midwife's communication with them promotes and protects the normal delivery of both.
Childbirth is a special event in the life of a woman and her partner. Every woman wants to experience this event and remember it as a positive and normal birth experience. Nowadays, there is a growing tendency to use medical manipulations in childbirth (Ely et al., 2020). It is stated that when applying medical interventions, the woman's own ability to experience a physiological vaginal birth also decreases, because the use of manipulations affects childbirth both physically and emotionally (Bohrem et al., 2017). Over the years, interest in the concept of "normal birth" has grown. At the end of the 20th century, the World Health Organization (WHO) defined the concept of normal birth as a low-risk pregnancy, as well as a spontaneous labor in the period between 37 and 42 weeks of pregnancy, with the birth of a healthy new-born, as well as the mother remaining in good health (Ely et al., 2020). This definition is not complete, as it does not include the postpartum period, as well as manipulations that would be possible to apply in the context of normal childbirth. Evidence-based sources suggest that this term is ambiguous and a more precise definition is needed (Ely et al., 2020).The purpose of the study: To study the opinion of midwives about the concept of normal childbirth and their experience in protecting it within the framework of the work of the team of inpatient, intranatal care specialists. Research methodology: A qualitative study was conducted using the phenomenology method, which allows to understand a specific life experience or the structure of an event and to learn how the respondents interpret this experience. Midwives were voluntarily invited to participate in a semi-structured interview, in accordance with the established selection criteria, having been informed in advance about the topic of the study, the purpose and the confidentiality of the answers given. Research results: Interview responses were divided into 7 themes, 13 sub-themes, 15 categories. The following seven topics were distinguished in the results: the concept of normal birth, the knowledge and wishes of women and their partners during birth, strategies promoting normal birth, the perineum of a woman during normal birth, normal birth and the new-born, the midwife's autonomy during normal birth, the midwife's cooperation with members of the intranatal team during normal birth.Conclusions: A normal birth is with minimal or no medical intervention. The midwife uses both emotional and physical strategies to maintain a normal birth. The knowledge and willingness of the woman and her partner to cooperate in the context of a normal birth is 5 expected. In a normal birth, the woman and the new-born are healthy, and the midwife is competent to be alone with the woman in a normal birth. However, when other members of the intranatal team are involved, the midwife's communication with them promotes and protects the normal delivery of both.
Description
Vecmāte
Midwifery
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care
Midwifery
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care