Rakstu krājums "China in the Baltic States – from a Cause of Hope to Anxiety"
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Item Latvia and China: Entering the Post-Optimism Period(Rīga Stradiņš University, 2022) Kante, Justīne; Rīga Stradiņš UniversityTIn order to demonstrate the changes in behaviour and the current policy goals from Latvia’s perspective, this chapter covers the historic relations between Latvia and China, followed by an overview of economic cooperation, and an insight of how the relations have been perceived recently from the Annual Reports of the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Latvia and Annual Reports on the Activities of Latvian State Security Service, additionally explaining survey data reviewed in recent years on the Latvian perception of China.Item One Country – Two Faces: China’s Turn from an Economic Partner to Security Concern for Lithuania(Rīga Stradiņš University, 2022) Mačikėnaitė, Vida; International University of JapanThe chapter provides an overview of the relations between the People’s Republic of China and Lithuania since early 1990s, when bilateral diplomatic relations were formally established. It presents the evolution of the perception of China in Lithuania from that of an economic opportunity toward security concern, not only due to China’s activities in Lithuania but more importantly due to the implications of China’s rise to the international order more broadly. The chapter also reveals the role that Taiwan issue has played in the change of this perception and in the shift in Lithuania’s China policy recently.Item Estonia and China: Changing role, Perceptions, and Security Implications(Rīga Stradiņš University, 2022) Mikelsaar, Anniki; University of OxfordThe chapter gives an overview of the changing Sino-Estonian relations from the consolidation of diplomatic ties in 1991 until the present. It examines the security implications these ties have started to pose for Estonia and NATO, while underlining the relative insignificance of the bilateral China-Estonia financial and trade ties. Analysing public opinion polls, this chapter outlines the risk that perceptions of China may become increasingly divergent between Estonian and non-Estonian speakers, with the former perceiving China as more of a threat than the latter. This might translate into a future security implication from the standpoint of domestic cohesiveness. Taking into account imminent risks, including Chinese surveillance technology on Estonia’s border crossings, and dubious infrastructure projects still in air, such as the Tallinn-Helsinki tunnel in the Gulf of Finland, the suggestion is made for the Estonian government to start formulating its independent China strategy, to map out the remaining areas for cooperation, and draw the boundaries where collaboration can no longer take place.Item Baltic Public Opinion on China in 2022 – Neutral but Tilting towards Negative(Rīga Stradiņš University, 2022) Andžāns, Māris; Rīga Stradiņš University; Center for Geopolitical Studies RigaThe chapter presents results of tri-nationally representative sociological study from Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania, where public opinion on China is explored simultaneously in all three countries and within a single methodological framework.Item China in the Baltic States – from a Cause of Hope to Anxiety(Rīga Stradiņš University, 2022) Andžāns, Māris; Bērziņa-Čerenkova, Una Aleksandra; Kante, Justīne; Mačikėnaitė, Vida; Mikelsaar, Anniki; Andžāns, Māris; Bērziņa-Čerenkova, Una AleksandraThe publication assesses the perception and the role of the People’s Republic of China (China) in Latvia, Estonia, and Lithuania, with the emphasis on the implications of China for the national security of the three states and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). Following a review of three decades of bilateral engagement between each of the Baltic states and China, the publication offers an analysis of the results from nationally representative surveys on Baltic attitudes toward China.Item Conclusions: China in the Baltic States – from a Cause of Hope to Anxiety(Rīga Stradiņš University, 2022) Bērziņa-Čerenkova, Una Aleksandra; Rīga Stradiņš University; Latvian Institute of International AffairsThe chapter presents a comparison of the three country chapters, data and histories of engagement with China, as well as provides a conclusion of the publication.Item Introduction(Rīga Stradiņš University, 2022) Andžāns, Māris; Rīga Stradiņš University; Center for Geopolitical Studies RigaIntroductory words and contextualization of the publication “China in the Baltic States – from a Cause of Hope to Anxiety”.