Browsing by Author "Romanchikova, Nadezhda"

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    Extracellular Vesicles—A Source of RNA Biomarkers for the Detection of Breast Cancer in Liquid Biopsies
    (2023-09) Zayakin, Pawel; Sadovska, Lilite; Eglītis, Kristaps; Romanchikova, Nadezhda; Radoviča-Spalviņa, Ilze; Endzeliņš, Edgars; Liepniece-Karele, Inta; Eglītis, Jānis; Linē, Aija; Department of Pathology
    Over the past decade, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a promising source of cancer-derived RNAs for liquid biopsies. However, blood contains a pool of heterogeneous EVs released by a variety of cell types, making the identification of cancer RNA biomarkers challenging. Here, we performed deep sequencing of plasma EV RNA cargo in 32 patients with locally advanced breast cancer (BC) at diagnosis and 7 days after breast surgery and in 30 cancer-free healthy controls (HCs). To identify BC-derived RNA biomarkers, we searched for RNAs that had higher levels in BC EVs at the time of diagnosis compared with HCs and decreased after surgery. Data analysis showed that the fractions of miRNAs, snRNAs, snoRNAs, and tRFs were increased, but the fraction of lncRNAs was decreased in BC EVs as compared to HCs. BC-derived biomarker candidates were identified across various RNA biotypes. Considered individually, they had very high specificity but moderate sensitivity for the detection of BC, whereas a biomarker model composed of eight RNAs: SNORD3H, SNORD1C, SNORA74D, miR-224-5p, piR-32949, lnc-IFT-122-2, lnc-C9orf50-4, and lnc-FAM122C-3 was able to distinguish BC from HC EVs with an AUC of 0.902 (95% CI = 0.872–0.931, p = 3.4 × 10−9) in leave-one-out cross-validation. Furthermore, a number of RNA biomarkers were correlated with the ER and HER2 expression and additional biomarker models were created to predict hormone receptor and HER2 status. Overall, this study demonstrated that the RNA composition of plasma EVs is altered in BC patients and that they contain cancer-derived RNA biomarkers that can be used for BC detection and monitoring using liquid biopsies.
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    From sweat to hope : The role of exercise-induced extracellular vesicles in cancer prevention and treatment
    (2024-08) Llorente, Alicia; Brokāne, Agnese; Mlynska, Agata; Puurand, Marju; Sagini, Krizia; Folkmane, Signe; Hjorth, Marit; Martin-Gracia, Beatriz; Romero, Silvana; Skorinkina, Diana; Čampa, Mārtiņš; Cešeiko, Rūdolfs; Romanchikova, Nadezhda; Kļaviņa, Aija; Käämbre, Tuuli; Linē, Aija; Rīga Stradiņš University; Latvian Academy of Sport Education (LASE)
    The benefits of regular physical exercise on cancer prevention, as well as reducing fatigue, treatment side effects and recurrence, and improving quality of life and overall survival of cancer patients, are increasingly recognised. Initial studies showed that the concentration of extracellular vesicles (EVs) increases during physical activity and that EVs carry biologically active cargo. These EVs are released by blood cells, skeletal muscle and other organs involved in exercise, thus suggesting that EVs may mediate tissue crosstalk during exercise. This possibility triggered a great interest in the study of the roles of EVs in systemic adaptation to exercise and in their potential applications in the prevention and treatment of various diseases, including cancer. This review presents studies exploring the concentration and molecular cargo of EVs released during exercise. Furthermore, we discuss putative stimuli that may trigger EV release from various cell types, the biological functions and the impact of exercise-induced EVs on cancer development and progression. Understanding the interplay between exercise, EVs, and cancer biology may offer insights into novel therapeutic strategies and preventive measures for cancer.