Browsing by Author "Bonzano, Chiara"
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Item Doxycycline : From Ocular Rosacea to COVID-19 Anosmia. New Insight Into the Coronavirus Outbreak(2020-05-08) Bonzano, Chiara; Borroni, Davide; Lancia, Andrea; Bonzano, ElisabettaItem Infectious Keratitis : Characterization of Microbial Diversity through Species Richness and Shannon Diversity Index(2024-04) Schiano-Lomoriello, Domenico; Abicca, Irene; Contento, Laura; Gabrielli, Federico; Alfonsi, Cinzia; Di Pietro, Fabio; Papa, Filomena Tiziana; Ballesteros-Sánchez, Antonio; Sánchez-González, José María; Rocha-De-Lossada, Carlos; Mazzotta, Cosimo; Giannaccare, Giuseppe; Bonzano, Chiara; Borroni, Davide; Department of OphthalmologyPurpose: To characterize microbial keratitis diversity utilizing species richness and Shannon Diversity Index. Methods: Corneal impression membrane was used to collect samples. All swabs were processed and analyzed by Biolab Laboratory (level V—SSN Excellence: ISO 9001:2015), Biolab Srl (Ascoli Piceno, Italy). DNA extraction, library preparation, and sequencing were performed in all samples. After sequencing, low-quality and polyclonal sequences were filtered out by the Ion software. At this point, we employed Kraken2 for microbial community analysis in keratitis samples. Nuclease-free water and all the reagents included in the experiment were used as a negative control. The primary outcome was the reduction in bacterial DNA (microbial load) at T1, expressed as a percentage of the baseline value (T0). Richness and Shannon alpha diversity metrics, along with Bray–Curtis beta diversity values, were calculated using the phyloseq package in R. Principal coordinate analysis was also conducted to interpret these metrics. Results: 19 samples were included in the study. The results exhibited a motley species richness, with the highest recorded value surpassing 800 species. Most of the samples displayed richness values ranging broadly from under 200 to around 600, indicating considerable variability in species count among the keratitis samples. Conclusions: A significant presence of both typical and atypical bacterial phyla in keratitis infections, underlining the complexity of the disease’s microbial etiology.Item Less is more : new one-step intracameral chemotherapy technique(2021) Borroni, Davide; Bonzano, Chiara; Rachwani-Anil, Rahul; Rocha-de Lossada, Carlos; Martín, Francisco Zamorano; Garcia-Lorente, Maria; Bonzano, Elisabetta; Khaqan, Hussain Ahmad; Department of Doctoral StudiesPurpose: To describe the feasibility of a new one-step approach to aspirate the aqueous and apply melphalan in a single-go without repeated entries into the anterior chamber. Methods: This retrospective non-comparative study was conducted at a referral center and included 12 patients. The one-step approach is described in a step-wise manner. No complications were observed among the patients. Results: One single injection of intracameral melphalan proved to be a successful treatment in nine cases. Two patients required a second injection, which was administered two weeks after the first one following the same technique. Conclusions: This proved to be a reasonable technique for the smooth application of melphalan in the anterior chamber studded with retinoblastoma seeds. Our outcomes revealed that it is an effective, quick, and cost-effective technique. Longer-term data collection is underway, though initial findings are encouraging.Item A New Surgical Technique to Deliver Riboflavin Beneath Corneal Epithelium : The Corneal Cross-Linking Epi-Pocket(2021-09-14) Borroni, Davide; Bonzano, Chiara; Hristova, Rozaliya; Sánchez González, José María; Pennisi, Flavia; Rocha-Bogas, Aurelio; Rocha de Lossada, Carlos; Department of Doctoral StudiesPURPOSE: To describe a new technique to deliver riboflavin into the corneal stroma during Corneal Cross-Linking (CXL) without the removal of corneal epithelium. METHODS: Keratoconus patients underwent CXL for progressive keratoconus. Riboflavin was delivered by manually creating an epithelial pocket (CXL Epi-Pocket). Verbal rating scale was recorded postoperatively. Best-corrected visual acuity, keratometric indices, corneal thickness and corneal densitometry were recorded at baseline and at 12-month follow-up. RESULTS: Eighteen eyes of 18 patients were included in the study. At a 12-month follow-up, best-corrected visual acuity, K1, K2 and densitometry values were stable. Maximum keratometry (Kmax) reduced from 55.31 ± 6.21 (SD) to 52.34d ± 4.12d (SD) (P value = 0.032). the thinnest point went from 441 ± 21.18 (SD) to 425.4 ± 19.02 (SD) um (P value = 0.041). The verbal rating scale at 1, 2 and 3 days postoperatively were 1.76 ± 0.19 (SD), 1.02 ± 0.51 (SD) and 0.28 ± 0.14 (SD). CONCLUSIONS: CXL Epi-Pocket is able to deliver riboflavin to halt the progression of keratoconus at a 12-month follow-up.Item Recombinant Human Nerve Growth Factor (Cenegermin)–Driven Corneal Wound Healing Process : An Evidence-Based Analysis(2022-01-28) Bonzano, Chiara; Olivari, Sara; Cutolo, Carlo Alberto; Macrì, Angelo; Sindaco, Daniele; Borroni, Davide; Bonzano, Elisabetta; Traverso, Carlo EnricoPurpose: To evaluate anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) to detect the wound healing process as per monitoring the effectiveness of cenegermin to treat moderate to severe neurotrophic keratoplasty. Methods: A retrospective chart review was realized to identify patients treated with cenegermin at the Clinica Oculistica, University of Genoa, Italy. All patients underwent careful examinations at baseline and follow-up visits. AS-OCT scans centered on the minimum corneal thickness (CT) area were always performed. We compared findings of AS-OCT with the findings from the slit-lamp examination. A linear regression analysis was used to evaluate factors associated with corneal healing. A further analysis, including a control group treated with 50% autologous serum (AS), was done to investigate and compare the efficacy of cenegermin. Results: Data from 16 eyes were studied. The average patients' age was 60.9 ± 21.1 years; five (31.2%) eyes experienced persistent epithelial defect and 11 (68.8%) eyes had neurotrophic corneal ulcer. The average reepithelialization time was 3.9 ± 0.5 weeks in the cenegermin group versus 5.9 ± 1.9 weeks in the AS group (p < 0.01). The AS‐OCT scans revealed an average CT at the thinnest point of 276.3 ± 74.1 μm before treatment with an average increase of 176.5 ± 60.3 μm at the end of the cenegermin treatment (B = −0.15; p = 0.035). The AS-OCT percentage increase in corneal thickness between the two groups was statistically significant (p < 0.02). Conclusion: Understanding the cascade of events involved in the nerve growth factor–driven corneal wound healing process is clinically meaningful for the clinician. AS-OCT is an effective tool for systematic anterior segment imaging, allowing the detailed detection of the front-to-back layered corneal structure for quantitative analysis and monitoring of the healing process.Item Solar retinopathy : a new setting of red, green, and blue channels(2021) Borroni, Davide; Erts, Renars; Vallabh, Neeru A.; Bonzano, Chiara; Sepetiene, Svetlana; Krumina, Zita; Romano, Vito; Parekh, Mohit; Iannetta, Danilo; Rīga Stradiņš University; Department of Biology and MicrobiologyPurpose: To introduce a new color imaging technique using improved settings of red, green, and blue channels for improved delineation of retinal damage in patients with solar retinopathy. Method: A retrospective case series of patients with poor vision secondary to solar retinopathy were analyzed. All patients underwent visual acuity, refraction, and dilated fundus examination. A spectral domain–optical coherence tomography of the macula and color fundus imaging using optimized red, green, and blue color setting was performed. Patients were reviewed over a 6-month period. The data were analyzed for statistical significance using an independent t test and a receiver operating characteristic curve. Results: In total, 20 eyes of 10 patients were included between 2009 and 2017. The mean age was 24.9 ± 18.1 years. Best corrected visual acuity at first consultation was 0.78 ± 0.11 and after 6 months was 0.83 ± 0.09. Spectral domain–optical coherence tomography demonstrated retinal abnormalities at the myoid zone, ellipsoid zone, and the outer segment of photoreceptors. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed an improving effect (area under the curve = 0.62; 95% confidence interval = 0.42–0.79). The color channels parameters, which improve visualization of the lesions were found to be 67-0.98-255 for the R-guided setting, 19-0.63-121 for the B-guided setting, and 7-1.00-129 for the G-guided setting. The ideal red, green, and blue setting was in 24-0.82-229. Conclusion: The use of a new setting of red, green, and blue channels could improve the diagnosis and monitoring of solar retinopathy, hence improving patient care.Item Tips, Tricks, and Guides in Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty Learning Curve(2021) Borroni, Davide; Rocha De Lossada, Carlos; Parekh, Mohit; Gadhvi, Kunal; Bonzano, Chiara; Romano, Vito; Levis, Hannah J.; Tzamalis, Aris; Steger, Bernhard; Rechichi, Miguel; Rodriguez-Calvo-De-Mora, Marina; Department of Doctoral StudiesLamellar keratoplasty is fast becoming the most popular form of corneal transplantation. The adoption of Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) in the management of Fuchs endothelial dystrophy and pseudophakic bullous keratopathy is partly responsible for this shift in the paradigm of management of corneal pathology. The learning curve of DMEK, however, has been proven to be much steeper than previous endothelial keratoplasty procedures. To ease the procedure, experts have proposed multiple innovative techniques from tissue preparation to graft unfolding to aid the more novice surgeon. Here, we collate and share tips and tricks from our collective experiences to support the learning curve and outcomes in DMEK for both the novice and more experienced corneal transplant surgeons.