Valaine, LauraGreve, MaraZolovs, MaksimsAncāne, GuntaUtināns, ArtūrsBriģis, Ģirts2024-01-112024-01-112024-01-07Valaine, L, Greve, M, Zolovs, M, Ancāne, G, Utināns, A & Briģis, Ģ 2024, 'Self-Esteem and Occupational Factors as Predictors of the Incidence of Anxiety and Depression among Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Latvia', International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, vol. 21, no. 1, 65. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph210100651660-4601https://dspace.rsu.lv/jspui/handle/123456789/15100Publisher Copyright: © 2024 by the authors.The prevalence of depression and anxiety among healthcare workers (HCWs) during the COVID-19 pandemic is high. The aim of the study is to identify the importance of self-esteem and occupational factors in association with the incidence of depression and anxiety among HCWs through a longitudinal cohort study during the COVID-19 pandemic in Latvia. Participants received seven questionnaires during the COVID-19 pandemic on demographic parameters, work-related information, and contact with COVID-19 patients, and three standardized questionnaires that evaluated symptoms of anxiety (GAD-7), depression (PHQ-9), and self-esteem (Rosenberg’s self-esteem scale). The Generalized Linear Mixed Model (GLMM) was used to identify factors associated with the incidence of depression and anxiety among HCWs. A total of 322 participants were included in the data analysis for depression and 352 for anxiety. HCWs with low self-esteem were 83% more likely to experience depression and 76% more likely to experience anxiety. Working at a general practitioner practice is associated with twice the risk of developing depression and anxiety. A 31% increase in the odds of depression is observed among HCWs with direct contact with COVID-19 patients. The organizational and government levels must look for opportunities to facilitate the mental health of HCWs to ensure better-quality healthcare.348431enginfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessself-esteemoccupational factorsdepressionanxietyhealthcare workersCOVID-193.2 Clinical medicine3.3 Health sciences1.1. Scientific article indexed in Web of Science and/or Scopus databasePublic Health, Environmental and Occupational HealthPollutionHealth, Toxicology and MutagenesisSDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being/dk/atira/pure/researchoutput/researchoutputtypes/contributiontojournal/article10.3390/ijerph21010065http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85183085292&partnerID=8YFLogxKhttps://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/21/1/65