Ziemele, IngaXu, ManVilmane, AndaRasa-Dzelzkaleja, SantaHedman, LeaHedman, KlausSöderlund-Venermo, MariaNora-Krukle, ZaigaMurovska, ModraGardovska, Dace2021-04-132021-04-132019-09-14Ziemele, I, Xu, M, Vilmane, A, Rasa-Dzelzkaleja, S, Hedman, L, Hedman, K, Söderlund-Venermo, M, Nora-Krukle, Z, Murovska, M & Gardovska, D 2019, 'Acute human bocavirus 1 infection in child with life-threatening bilateral bronchiolitis and right-sided pneumonia : a case report', Journal of Medical Case Reports, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 290. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13256-019-2222-51752-1947https://dspace.rsu.lv/jspui/handle/123456789/3783Copyright: This record is sourced from MEDLINE/PubMed, a database of the U.S. National Library of MedicineBACKGROUND: Human bocavirus 1 is a commonly detected human parvovirus. Many studies have shown human bocavirus 1 as a pathogen in association with acute respiratory tract infections in children. However, because human bocavirus 1 persists in the upper airways for extensive time periods after acute infection, the definition and diagnostics of acute human bocavirus 1 infection is challenging. Until now, detection of human bocavirus 1 exclusively, high viral load in respiratory samples, and viremia have been associated with a clinical picture of acute respiratory illness. There are no studies showing detection of human bocavirus 1 messenger ribonucleic acid in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells as a diagnostic marker for acute lower respiratory tract infection. CASE PRESENTATION: We report the case of a 17-month-old Latvian boy who presented in intensive care unit with acute bilateral bronchiolitis, with a history of rhinorrhea and cough for 6 days and fever for the last 2 days prior to admission, followed by severe respiratory distress and tracheal intubation. Human bocavirus 1 was the only respiratory virus detected by a qualitative multiplex polymerase chain reaction panel. For the diagnosis of acute human bocavirus 1 infection, both molecular and serological approaches were used. Human bocavirus 1 deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was detected simultaneously in nasopharyngeal aspirate, stool, and blood, as well as in the corresponding cell-free blood plasma by qualitative and quantitative polymerase chain reaction, revealing high DNA-copy numbers in nasopharyngeal aspirate and stool. Despite a low-load viremia, human bocavirus 1 messenger ribonucleic acid was found in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells. For detection of human bocavirus 1-specific antibodies, non-competitive immunoglobulin M and competitive immunoglobulin G enzyme immunoassays were used. The plasma was positive for both human bocavirus 1-specific immunoglobulin M and immunoglobulin G antibodies. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of human bocavirus 1 genomic DNA in blood plasma and human bocavirus 1 messenger ribonucleic acid in peripheral blood mononuclear cells together with human bocavirus 1-specific immunoglobulin M are markers of acute human bocavirus 1 infection that may cause life-threatening acute bronchiolitis.1721372enginfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccessAcute bronchiolitisChildrenHuman bocavirus 1Lower respiratory tract infection3.1 Basic medicine3.2 Clinical medicine1.1. Scientific article indexed in Web of Science and/or Scopus databaseGeneral MedicineSDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being/dk/atira/pure/researchoutput/researchoutputtypes/contributiontojournal/article10.1186/s13256-019-2222-5http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85072213251&partnerID=8YFLogxK