Baltijas valstu enerģētikas sadarbība: AES “Astravjeca” gadījuma izpēte (2016.-2020.)
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Date
2021
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Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte
Rīga Stradiņš University
Rīga Stradiņš University
Abstract
Baltkrievijas AES “Astravjeca” enerģētikas attīstībai Baltijas valstīs ir viena no primārajām ģeopolitiskām interesēm, kura tiek ņemta vērā, lai nodrošinātu nacionālās preferences un kaulēšanās procesa norisi. Lai gan, ES ir noteikusi ciešāku enerģētikas tirgus integrāciju Baltijā, kā arī, Lietuva ir skaidri noteikusi politisko pretošanos pret Baltkrievijas kodolenerģētikas attīstību, tomēr AES “Astravjeca” joprojām cer uz ekonomisko sadarbību Baltijas valstīs. Balstoties uz vēlamo iespējamo sadarbību, Baltijas valstu enerģētikas sadarbība ar trešo valsti ir trauslāka kā vēl nekad.
Baltkrievijas AES “Astravjeca” kodolenerģētika tiek veidota uz politiskām un ekonomiskām interesēm, lai netiktu pārtraukta enerģētikas ķēde, kas saglabājusies kopš pagājušā gadsimta. Līdz ar interešu noteikšanu, šī darba tēma ir “Baltijas valstu enerģētikas sadarbība: AES “Astravjeca” gadījuma izpēte no 2016.līdz 2020. gadam”. Darba mērķis ir noskaidrot, kāda ir Baltkrievijas AES “Astravjeca” ietekme uz Baltijas valstu enerģētikas sadarbību, laika intervālā no 2016. līdz 2020. gadam. Šajā darbā autors tiecas atbildēt uz darbā izvirzīto hipotēzi, norādot, ka Baltkrievijas AES “Astravjeca” determinē Lietuvas dominējošo lomu Baltijas valstu enerģētikas sadarbībā. Lai sniegtu atbildi uz izvirzīto hipotēzi, darba pirmajā daļā tiek norādīts liberālā starpvaldību teorija, kurā attīstas nacionālās preferences un kaulēšanās process. Savukārt, darba otrajā daļā, tiek atvēlēta Baltijas valstu enerģētikas sadarbība, īpašu uzmanību pievēršot AES “Astravjeca” gadījumam. Bet trešajā nodaļā, tiek iekļauta enerģētikas ietekmes radušo sašķēlumu Baltijas valstīs. Pētījuma procesā tiek secināts, ka Baltkrievijas integrācija Baltijas valstīs ir balstīta uz ekonomiskajiem aspektiem, jo AES būvniecībā ieguldīts gandrīz puse no Baltkrievijas IKP, un ģeopolitiskā aspekta, kurā kaulēšanās process norisinās uz iepriekš izbūvētiem elektroenerģijas tīkliem, kas arī izriet no nacionālās preferences veidošanos. Baltijas valstu enerģētikas sadarbību kavē Baltkrievijas intereses, kura izrāda vēlmi sadarboties, vienlaikus rada nacionālās drošības apdraudējumu un kavē Baltijas valstu un ES enerģētikas sinhronizācijas tīkla izveidi. Sadarbības rezultātā, Baltkrievijas AES “Astravjeca” kodolenerģētikas attīstībā tiek piedāvāts lēta elektroenerģija, kura kļūst īpaši pievilcīga Latvijas valstij. Starp 2016. un 2020. gadu, Baltkrievijas politiskie ietekmes instrumenti ir ilgtermiņa ieguldījums, kas nodrošina ilgtspējīgu elektroenerģiju, kas vienlaikus vājina Baltijas valstu nacionālo drošību un ekonomisko struktūru.
Belarus NPP “Ostrovets” and its potential for energy development is one of the most primary geopolitical interests for Baltic countries, which helps with the national preferences and the bargaining process. Although, EU has introduced a tighter energy market integration in Baltics, with Lithuania clearly stating their political resistance against the nuclear power growth in Belarus, however NPP “Ostrovets” still hopes for economic partnership in Baltic. Despite the potential desired collaboration, the nuclear energy cooperation with Baltic countries is more fragile than ever. The nuclear energy produced by Belarus NPP “Ostrovets” is based on political and economic interests, to help continue the energy chain, which was established in the previous century. Identifying the interest of Belarus, the theme of this thesis is “Energy Cooperation of the Baltic States: Case Study of NPP “Ostrovets” (2016–2020)”. The goal of this thesis is to identify, what is the actual influence of Belarus NPP “Ostrovets” towards the energy collaboration of Baltic States, in the interval from year 2016 until 2020. The author aspires to answer the hypothesis that was put forward in the thesis, pointing out that Belarus NPP “Ostrovets” determines the dominant role of Lithuania in the energy collaboration in Baltic countries. To provide an answer to the hypothesis, the first part of the thesis highlights liberal intergovernmental theory, within of which we can find the development of national preferences and the bargaining process. In turn, second part of the thesis is dedicated to the energy collaboration of Baltic countries, highlighting the case of NPP “Ostrovets”. The third part contains the energy influenced occurrence of disruption between the Baltic countries. In the research process, it is determined that the integration of Belarus within Baltic countries is based on economic aspects, due to the fact, that nearly half of Belarus GDP was invested into the construction process. And the geopolitical aspect, in which the on-going bargaining process for the pre-built energy networks, which is a part of the forming of national interests within the matter. As a result of collaboration, Belarus NPP “Ostrovets” nuclear energy development would offer cheaper electricity, which is especially attractive to the country of Latvia. Between the year of 2016 and 2020, the political influence of Belarus is a long-term investment, which would provide sustainable energy, at the same time lowering the security and economic structure of Baltic countries.
Belarus NPP “Ostrovets” and its potential for energy development is one of the most primary geopolitical interests for Baltic countries, which helps with the national preferences and the bargaining process. Although, EU has introduced a tighter energy market integration in Baltics, with Lithuania clearly stating their political resistance against the nuclear power growth in Belarus, however NPP “Ostrovets” still hopes for economic partnership in Baltic. Despite the potential desired collaboration, the nuclear energy cooperation with Baltic countries is more fragile than ever. The nuclear energy produced by Belarus NPP “Ostrovets” is based on political and economic interests, to help continue the energy chain, which was established in the previous century. Identifying the interest of Belarus, the theme of this thesis is “Energy Cooperation of the Baltic States: Case Study of NPP “Ostrovets” (2016–2020)”. The goal of this thesis is to identify, what is the actual influence of Belarus NPP “Ostrovets” towards the energy collaboration of Baltic States, in the interval from year 2016 until 2020. The author aspires to answer the hypothesis that was put forward in the thesis, pointing out that Belarus NPP “Ostrovets” determines the dominant role of Lithuania in the energy collaboration in Baltic countries. To provide an answer to the hypothesis, the first part of the thesis highlights liberal intergovernmental theory, within of which we can find the development of national preferences and the bargaining process. In turn, second part of the thesis is dedicated to the energy collaboration of Baltic countries, highlighting the case of NPP “Ostrovets”. The third part contains the energy influenced occurrence of disruption between the Baltic countries. In the research process, it is determined that the integration of Belarus within Baltic countries is based on economic aspects, due to the fact, that nearly half of Belarus GDP was invested into the construction process. And the geopolitical aspect, in which the on-going bargaining process for the pre-built energy networks, which is a part of the forming of national interests within the matter. As a result of collaboration, Belarus NPP “Ostrovets” nuclear energy development would offer cheaper electricity, which is especially attractive to the country of Latvia. Between the year of 2016 and 2020, the political influence of Belarus is a long-term investment, which would provide sustainable energy, at the same time lowering the security and economic structure of Baltic countries.
Description
Starptautiskās attiecības un diplomātija
International Relations and Diplomacy
Socioloģija, politoloģija un antropoloģija
Sociology, Politics and Anthropology
International Relations and Diplomacy
Socioloģija, politoloģija un antropoloģija
Sociology, Politics and Anthropology
Keywords
AES “Astravjeca”, liberālā starpvaldību teorija, nacionālās preferences, kaulēšanās process, NPP “Ostrovets”, liberal intergovernmentalism, national preferences, bargaining process.