Zināšanas par racionālas antibakteriālās terapijas lietošanu saistība ar nepamatotu antibiotiku lietošanu sabiedrībā un to izsniegšanu aptiekā bez ārsta receptes.
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Date
2021
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Volume Title
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Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte
Rīga Stradiņš University
Rīga Stradiņš University
Abstract
Mērķis. Antimikrobiālās rezistences (turpmāk AMR) mazināšana ir viena no galvenajām prioritātēm un izaicinājumiem veselības aprūpes sistēmai Eiropas Savienībā (turpmāk ES), kā arī pasaulē. Neracionāla AB izmantošana palielina AMR. Balstoties uz Eirobarometru 478, kas ES tika veikts 2017.gadā, Latvijā tika fiksēts viens no vislielākajiem proporcijas rādītājiem, kur antibiotikas (turpmāk AB) tika izsniegtas bez receptes (13%). Farmaceitiem ir nozīmīga loma racionālas AB lietošanas veicināšanā, tomēr tajā pašā laikā pēc Eirobarometra 478 datiem tieši aptiekās pastāv iespēja pacientiem iegūt AB bez receptes.
Šī aprakstošā šķērsgriezuma pētījuma mērķis bija novērtēt vispārējās farmaceitu un sabiedrības zināšanas par AB un AB izsniegšanas, un AB iegūšanas praksi bez ārsta nozīmētas receptes.
Materiāli un metodes. Tika veikta respondentu anketēšana tiešsaistē. Anketā speciālistiem bija 27 jautājumi, anketā sabiedrībai bija 37 jautājumi. Anketēšana tika veikta 2020. gada novembrī, kur dati tika apkopoti no 155 farmaceitiem un farmaceita asistentiem un 70 cilvēkiem sabiedrībā paredzētajā anketā. Iegūtie dati tika analizēti, izmantojot aprakstošo statistiku (biežuma analīze), un secinošo statistiku (atšķirība starp grupām, lai identificētu atšķirības starp zināšanu līmeni un AB izsniegšanu vai saņemšanu, izmantojot Hī-kvadrāta testu). Datu analīze tika veikta programmā IBM SPSS.
Rezultāti. Aptaujāto farmaceitu zināšanas par AB kopumā bija augstas, balstoties uz Eirobarometra jautājumiem par AB zināšanām, kur 80,6% bija pilnībā pareizas atbildes. Farmaceiti pauda uztraukumu par AB pieprasījuma pieaugumu no pacientiem. 43.8% no aptaujātajiem norādīja, ka viņi zina pacientus, kuri pēdējā mēneša laikā lietoja AB bez receptes, kas ir lielāks rādītājs nekā fiksēts Eurobarametra aptaujā. Turklāt viņi norādīja, ka pēdējā mēneša laikā 1-5 pacientiem ir prasījuši viņiem izsniegt AB bez receptes. Neliela daļa (<2%) norādīja, ka šādās situācijās ir izsnieguši AB. Kopumā farmaceiti neatbalsta šāda veida praksi, kā arī atzīst, ka viņus māc bažas par AB racionālo izmantošanu. Aptaujāto sabiedrības pārstāvju zināšanas par AB kopumā bija zemas, balstoties uz Eirobarometra jautājumiem par AB zināšanām, kur 40% bija pilnībā pareizas atbildes standartizētajos Eurobarometra 478 jautājumos par zināšanām par AB lietošanu. .
Secinājumi. Aptaujāto farmaceitu zināšanas tiek uzskatītas par relatīvi augstām. Turklāt, ir atrodama liela pacientu daļa, kuri pieprasa AB bez receptes, izdarot spiedienu uz farmaceitu ikdienas darbu. Aptaujātie farmaceiti norādīja, ka pacienti AB iegūst citās vietās, noliedzot AB iegūšanu pie viņiem. Aptaujāto pacientu zināšanas tiek uzskatītas par zemām, taču aptaujātie pacienti norāda, ka AB aptiekā nepieprasa.
Objectives. Combating antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the main global health priorities. Inappropriate use of antibiotics exacerbates AMR. According to Eurobarometer 478, which was conducted in 2017 in the EU, Latvia had one of the highest proportion of antibiotics that are dispensed without a prescription (13%). Pharmacists play an important role in the prudent use of antimicrobials, but pharmacies may be one of the places where patients may get antibiotics without a prescription. The aim of this descriptive cross-sectional study was to assess pharmacist’s general knowledge about antibiotics and their dispensing practice of antibiotics. Materials and Methods. An online survey with 27 questions for pharmacists and 37 for patients was conducted in November 2020. Data were collected from 155 pharmacists and 70 patients. Data were analyzed using the descriptive statistics (frequency analysis) and inferential statistics to identify differences between the level of knowledge about antibiotics and the issuance of antibiotics without prescription using Chi-square test within IBM SPSS Statistics. Results. Surveyed pharmacists' knowledge on antibiotics were generally high according to the Eurobarometer questionnaire on knowledge about antibiotics, where 80,6% had fully correct answers. Pharmacists stressed concerns regarding pressure and demand for antibiotics from their patients. 43.8% of respondents indicated that they know patients that have used antibiotics without a prescription within the last month, which is a higher rate than in the Eurobarometer survey. They also noted that within the last month 1-5 patients have asked them to dispense antibiotics without a prescription, very few (<2%) indicated that they have dispensed antibiotics in such situations and overall pharmacists do not support such practice and admit that they are concerned about the rational use of antibiotics. Surveyed patients’ knowledge on antibiotics were weak according to the Eurobarometer questionnaire on knowledge about antibiotics, where only 40% had fully correct answers. One in two patients answered that they do not use antibiotics without a prescription at all. Conclusions. The knowledge of surveyed pharmacists is considered to be high. Furthermore, there is a large proportion of patients demanding antibiotics without a prescription, putting pressure on pharmacist daily work. Surveyed pharmacists noted that patients get antibiotics somewhere else, not from them. The knowledge of surveyed patients is considered to be weak. However, patients notice that they do not ask for antibiotics without a prescription.
Objectives. Combating antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the main global health priorities. Inappropriate use of antibiotics exacerbates AMR. According to Eurobarometer 478, which was conducted in 2017 in the EU, Latvia had one of the highest proportion of antibiotics that are dispensed without a prescription (13%). Pharmacists play an important role in the prudent use of antimicrobials, but pharmacies may be one of the places where patients may get antibiotics without a prescription. The aim of this descriptive cross-sectional study was to assess pharmacist’s general knowledge about antibiotics and their dispensing practice of antibiotics. Materials and Methods. An online survey with 27 questions for pharmacists and 37 for patients was conducted in November 2020. Data were collected from 155 pharmacists and 70 patients. Data were analyzed using the descriptive statistics (frequency analysis) and inferential statistics to identify differences between the level of knowledge about antibiotics and the issuance of antibiotics without prescription using Chi-square test within IBM SPSS Statistics. Results. Surveyed pharmacists' knowledge on antibiotics were generally high according to the Eurobarometer questionnaire on knowledge about antibiotics, where 80,6% had fully correct answers. Pharmacists stressed concerns regarding pressure and demand for antibiotics from their patients. 43.8% of respondents indicated that they know patients that have used antibiotics without a prescription within the last month, which is a higher rate than in the Eurobarometer survey. They also noted that within the last month 1-5 patients have asked them to dispense antibiotics without a prescription, very few (<2%) indicated that they have dispensed antibiotics in such situations and overall pharmacists do not support such practice and admit that they are concerned about the rational use of antibiotics. Surveyed patients’ knowledge on antibiotics were weak according to the Eurobarometer questionnaire on knowledge about antibiotics, where only 40% had fully correct answers. One in two patients answered that they do not use antibiotics without a prescription at all. Conclusions. The knowledge of surveyed pharmacists is considered to be high. Furthermore, there is a large proportion of patients demanding antibiotics without a prescription, putting pressure on pharmacist daily work. Surveyed pharmacists noted that patients get antibiotics somewhere else, not from them. The knowledge of surveyed patients is considered to be weak. However, patients notice that they do not ask for antibiotics without a prescription.
Description
Farmācija
Pharmacy
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care
Pharmacy
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care
Keywords
Antibiotikas, antibakteriālā rezistence, recepte, Antibiotics, antimicrobial resistance, prescription.