Pharmacologist Hans Horst Meyer (1853-1939) Activities at Dorpat
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Date
2022
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Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte
Rīga Stradiņš University
Rīga Stradiņš University
Abstract
Hanss Horsts Meiers (1853-1939) ir viens no ievērojamākiem farmakologiem vēsturē, kuram bija liela nozīme farmakoloģijas disciplīnas izveidē. Viņš ir labi pazīstams Austrijas un īpaši Vācijas akadēmiskajā vidē. Pašreizējais vēsturiskais darbs koncentrējas uz laiku, kad viņš bija pilnas slodzes profesors savas karjeras sākumā. Šis pētījums apskata Meijera pirmo farmakoloģijas, dietoloģijas un medicīnas vēstures profesora amatu Tērbatas Universitātē. Ar šo amatu viņš izveidoja pamatu savai turpmākajai karjerai. Viņa konkurents šajā amatā bija Gustavs fon Bunge (1844-1920), kurš ir arī kontekstualizēts šajā darbā. Fon Bunge arī sāka savu akadēmisko karjeru Tērbatā, taču vēsturiski viņam ir ciešas saites ar Bāzeles Universitāti Šveicē. Šajā darbā tiek sniegtas atbildes uz jautājumiem: “Kāpēc Meijers tika ievēlēts?”, “Kādi argumenti runāja par labu Meieram un kādi pret viņu?”, “Kādi argumenti vērsās pret fon Bungi?”, “Kādi vēsturiskie notikumi ietekmēja Tērbatas universitātes dzīvi?”, “Kādos politiskos un ideoloģiskos strāvojumos tika pieņemts lēmums par jaunā profesora ievēlēšanu?”. Šajā pētījumā Meijera biogrāfija papildināta ar jauniem faktiem no Tartu Universitātes (iepriekš Tērbatas Universitātes) arhīva personīgajām lietām.
Secinājumi tiek izdarīti, pamatojoties uz šo informāciju, Bunges biogrāfiju, vēsturisko un politisko notikumu analīzi, kas ietekmē Tērbatas universitāti. Abu zinātnieku publikācijas tika analizētas arī no mūsdienu viedokļa, lai atspoguļotu abu zinātnieku tā laika akadēmisko reputāciju.
Tērbatas universitātes komitejai vajadzēja ievēlēt vienu no diviem kandidātiem, laikā kad iezīmējās universitātes rusifikācija un notika Krievijas cara Aleksandra II (1818-1881) slepkavība. Biogrāfiskā analīze atklāj, ka abi zinātnieki studiju laikā un neilgi pēc tam aktīvi darbojās farmakoloģijas jomā. Abi mācījās pie Osvalda Šmīdeberga (1838-1921), eksperimentālās farmakoloģijas pamatlicēja. Meijers koncentrējas tikai uz farmakoloģiju, savukārt fon Bunges pētījumus var attiecināt arī uz fizioloģisko ķīmiju un bioloģiju. Noslēgumā jāsaka, ka Meijers vinnēja konkurencē ar fon Bungi ar savu izteikto orientāciju uz farmakoloģiju. Lēmumu ietekmēja arī viņa doktora grāds farmakoloģijā. Savukārt fon Bunge vēl nebija pabeidzis savu doktora grāda iegūšanas procesu.
Hans Horst Meyer (1853-1939) is one of the most important pharmacologists in history, who was instrumental in establishing the discipline of pharmacology. He is well known in Austria and Germany in particular and universities identify with his person and achievements. Current historical work on him focuses on the time when he was a full-time professor in the advanced stages of his career in research and teaching. This thesis focuses on Meyer’s first position as professor of pharmacology, dietetics, and the history of medicine at the University of Dorpat in Estonia. With this position, he created the basis for his further career path. His competitor at the time for the chair was Gustav von Bunge (1844-1920), who is also contextualized. Von Bunge also began his academic career in Dorpat, but had strong academic ties to the University of Basel in Switzerland. In this work, the questions are answered as to why Meyer was given the chair? Which arguments spoke in favor of Meyer and what against him? What spoke against von Bunge? Which historical events had an influence on university life in Dorpat? Under which political and ideological currents was the decision for the new professor made? In this study, Meyer's biography is supplemented with information from the personal files from the archives of the University of Tartu (formerly Dorpat University). Conclusions are drawn based on this information, Bunge's biography, and analysis of historical and political events affecting the University of Dorpat. The publications of both scientists are also analyzed from a modern point of view in order to reflect the academic reputation of both at the time. The decision of the committee of the University of Dorpat to hire one of the two professors was under influence of the Russification and the assassination of the Russian Tsar Alexander II (1818-1881). The biographical analysis reveals that both scientists were active in the field of pharmacology during their studies and shortly thereafter. Both studied under Oswald Schmiedeberg (1838-1921), the founder of experimental pharmacology. While Meyer focuses exclusively on pharmacology, von Bunge's research can also be assigned to physiological chemistry and biology. In conclusion, Meyer succeeded in the competition with von Bunge through his exclusive pharmacological orientation. His habilitation in pharmacology will also have influenced the decision. At the time, von Bunge had not yet completed his habilitation.
Hans Horst Meyer (1853-1939) is one of the most important pharmacologists in history, who was instrumental in establishing the discipline of pharmacology. He is well known in Austria and Germany in particular and universities identify with his person and achievements. Current historical work on him focuses on the time when he was a full-time professor in the advanced stages of his career in research and teaching. This thesis focuses on Meyer’s first position as professor of pharmacology, dietetics, and the history of medicine at the University of Dorpat in Estonia. With this position, he created the basis for his further career path. His competitor at the time for the chair was Gustav von Bunge (1844-1920), who is also contextualized. Von Bunge also began his academic career in Dorpat, but had strong academic ties to the University of Basel in Switzerland. In this work, the questions are answered as to why Meyer was given the chair? Which arguments spoke in favor of Meyer and what against him? What spoke against von Bunge? Which historical events had an influence on university life in Dorpat? Under which political and ideological currents was the decision for the new professor made? In this study, Meyer's biography is supplemented with information from the personal files from the archives of the University of Tartu (formerly Dorpat University). Conclusions are drawn based on this information, Bunge's biography, and analysis of historical and political events affecting the University of Dorpat. The publications of both scientists are also analyzed from a modern point of view in order to reflect the academic reputation of both at the time. The decision of the committee of the University of Dorpat to hire one of the two professors was under influence of the Russification and the assassination of the Russian Tsar Alexander II (1818-1881). The biographical analysis reveals that both scientists were active in the field of pharmacology during their studies and shortly thereafter. Both studied under Oswald Schmiedeberg (1838-1921), the founder of experimental pharmacology. While Meyer focuses exclusively on pharmacology, von Bunge's research can also be assigned to physiological chemistry and biology. In conclusion, Meyer succeeded in the competition with von Bunge through his exclusive pharmacological orientation. His habilitation in pharmacology will also have influenced the decision. At the time, von Bunge had not yet completed his habilitation.
Description
Medicīna
Medicine
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care
Medicine
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care
Keywords
Hanss Horsts Meijers, farmakoloģija, medicīnas vēsture, Dorpatas Universitāte, Tartu Universitāte, Gustavs fon Bunge, Hans Horst Meyer, Pharmacology, Medical History, University Dorpat, University Tartu, Gustav von Bunge