Pacienta ietekmējošie faktori un pacienta iesaistes veicināšana rehabilitācijā pēc pārslimotas covid-19 infekcijas
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Date
2022
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Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte
Rīga Stradiņš University
Rīga Stradiņš University
Abstract
Maģistra darba nosaukums ir “Pacienta ietekmējošie faktori un pacienta iesaistes veicināšana rehabilitācijā pēc pārslimotas Covid-19 infekcijas”. Tēma izvēlēta, lai meklētu iespējamos variantus kā komunikācijas ceļā uzlabot pacientu iesaisti rehabilitācijā pēc pārslimotas Covid-19 infekcijas un līdz ar to uzlabot pacientu veselības stāvokli. Pēc pētnieku domām šobrīd ar infekcijas komplikācijām saskaras ap pieciem miljoniem cilvēku visā pasaulē. (Maxwell, 2020). Biežāk sastopamie simptomi un komplikācijas pēc Covid-19 pārslimošanas ir izteikts nogurums, elpošanas un kardiovaskulārās sistēmas problēmas, kognitīvi traucējumi, kā arī galvassāpes, muskuloskeletālas sistēmas problēmas, smaržas un garšas izmaiņas, izsitumi uz ādas un citi simptomi. Rehabilitācija pēc vīrusa pārslimošanas samazina slimības izraisītās komplikācijas un tās mērķis ir atjaunot vai uzlabot pacienta dzīves kvalitāti (World Health Organization 2022).
Darbā iekļautas 12 daļēji strukturētas intervijas ar respondentiem, kuri ir saskārušies ar ilgstošiem simptomiem vai komplikācijām pēc infekcijas pārslimošanas un nav apmeklējuši rehabilitāciju, kā arī divas atvērtā tipa intervijas ar rehabilitācijas nozares speciālistiem. Interviju laikā saņemtas atbildes par pacientu ietekmējošiem faktoriem rehabilitācijas apmeklējumam pēc pārslimotas Covid-19 infekcijas. Un papildus atbildēm rehabilitācijas nozares speciālisti sniedz ieteikumus komunikācijas uzlabošanai ar pacientiem par Covid-19 rehabilitāciju. Intervijas analizētas, izmantojot tematisko analīzi. Pēc iegūto datu analīzes tika noteiktas astoņas apakštēmas, kas ietver pacientus kavējošos faktorus rehabilitācijas apmeklējumam. Kā vadošie kavējošie faktori atzīti - informācijas trūkums par rehabilitāciju pēc pārslimotas Covid-19 infekcijas; zināšanu trūkums par Covid-19 rehabilitāciju un tās ietekmi uz veselību; pacientu veselībpratība; sadarbība ar ģimenes ārstu. Papildus noteikti vēl četri kavējošie faktori – laika trūkums; gaidīšanas rinda, lai saņemtu pakalpojumu, finansiāli ierobežojumi, pakalpojums nav pieejams tuvu dzīvesvietai. Pēc iegūto datu analīzes noteiktas deviņas apakštēmas, kas ietver veicinošus faktorus rehabilitācijas apmeklējumam. Kā vadošie veicinošie faktori atzīti - informācijas pieejamība; finansiāls atbalsts; ticība, ka speciālists spēs palīdzēt; spēja nosaukt savu rehabilitācijas mērķi un iekšējā motivācija. Papildus ieteikti vēl citi rehabilitācijas apmeklējumu veicinošie faktori – pozitīva citu cilvēku pieredze; nodoms apmeklēt rehabilitāciju; citu cilvēku atbalsts un finansiāla neatkarība. Balstoties uz datu analīzes rezultātiem un uzvedības pārmaiņu tehnikas taksonomiju ir veidoti priekšlikumi pacientu, kas pārslimojuši infekciju, iesaistei rehabilitācijā. Darbā aprakstītas desmit uzvedības pārmaiņu tehnikas, kas var veicināt pacientu iesaisti rehabilitācijā. Noteiktas sešas vadošās tehnikas: instrukcija kā veikt veselības uzvedību; informācija par uzvedības ietekmi uz veselību; informācija par uzved
The title of Master’s thesis is” "Patient influencing factors and promotion of patient involvement in rehabilitation after Covid-19 infection". The thesis theme has been chosen to look for possible options to improve patient involvement in rehabilitation after the recovery from Covid-19 infection through means of communication, thus improving the health status of patients. According to researchers, about 5 million people around the world are currently having disease complications (Maxwell, 2020). The most frequent symptoms and complications are: severe fatigue, problems with breathing and cardiovascular system, cognitive disturbances as well as headache, problems with musculoskeletal system, smell and taste alterations, skin rash, etc. Rehabilitation after recovery reduces complications caused by disease, and its aim is to restore or improve life quality of a patient. (World Health Organization 2022) The thesis comprises 12 partly-structured interviews of respondents who have prolonged symptoms after recovery and have not attended rehabilitation and two open-type interviews with rehabilitation specialists. The interviews provide responses on factors influencing patients’ decision in favour or against visiting rehabilitation specialist after recovery from Covid-19. In addition, the rehabilitation specialists provide recommendations on improvement of communication with patients about Covid-19 rehabilitation. Interviews are analysed using thematic analysis. According to obtained data analysis, eight subtopics were singled out including factors which discourage patients to visit rehabilitation specialist. The main discouraging factors are: lack of information about the rehabilitation available after Covid-19 recovery; lack of knowledge about rehabilitation from Covid-19 and its influence on health; patients’ health literacy; cooperation with GP. Additionally, four more deterring factors were noted – lack of time, long queues to get service, financial restrictions, service unavailability in close proximity to a living place. The obtained data analysis singles out nine subtopics including encouraging factors to visit rehabilitation specialists. The leading factors influencing the choice of rehabilitation are: information accessibility, financial support, faith in help of a specialist, ability to formulate one’s aim and motivation. Additional supporting factors are: positive experience of others, positive notion to visit rehabilitation specialist, support of other people and financial independence. Based on the results of analysis and behavior change techniques taxonomy recommendations to facilitate involvement of patients in rehabilitation after recovery from Covid-19 have been proposed. Ten behavior change techniques that might facilitate patient involvement in rehabilitation have been described in the thesis. Six leading techniques have been determined: the instruction on how to perform behavior, information on behavior influence on health, informat
The title of Master’s thesis is” "Patient influencing factors and promotion of patient involvement in rehabilitation after Covid-19 infection". The thesis theme has been chosen to look for possible options to improve patient involvement in rehabilitation after the recovery from Covid-19 infection through means of communication, thus improving the health status of patients. According to researchers, about 5 million people around the world are currently having disease complications (Maxwell, 2020). The most frequent symptoms and complications are: severe fatigue, problems with breathing and cardiovascular system, cognitive disturbances as well as headache, problems with musculoskeletal system, smell and taste alterations, skin rash, etc. Rehabilitation after recovery reduces complications caused by disease, and its aim is to restore or improve life quality of a patient. (World Health Organization 2022) The thesis comprises 12 partly-structured interviews of respondents who have prolonged symptoms after recovery and have not attended rehabilitation and two open-type interviews with rehabilitation specialists. The interviews provide responses on factors influencing patients’ decision in favour or against visiting rehabilitation specialist after recovery from Covid-19. In addition, the rehabilitation specialists provide recommendations on improvement of communication with patients about Covid-19 rehabilitation. Interviews are analysed using thematic analysis. According to obtained data analysis, eight subtopics were singled out including factors which discourage patients to visit rehabilitation specialist. The main discouraging factors are: lack of information about the rehabilitation available after Covid-19 recovery; lack of knowledge about rehabilitation from Covid-19 and its influence on health; patients’ health literacy; cooperation with GP. Additionally, four more deterring factors were noted – lack of time, long queues to get service, financial restrictions, service unavailability in close proximity to a living place. The obtained data analysis singles out nine subtopics including encouraging factors to visit rehabilitation specialists. The leading factors influencing the choice of rehabilitation are: information accessibility, financial support, faith in help of a specialist, ability to formulate one’s aim and motivation. Additional supporting factors are: positive experience of others, positive notion to visit rehabilitation specialist, support of other people and financial independence. Based on the results of analysis and behavior change techniques taxonomy recommendations to facilitate involvement of patients in rehabilitation after recovery from Covid-19 have been proposed. Ten behavior change techniques that might facilitate patient involvement in rehabilitation have been described in the thesis. Six leading techniques have been determined: the instruction on how to perform behavior, information on behavior influence on health, informat
Description
Veselības komunikācija
Health Communication
Informācijas un komunikācijas zinātnes
Information and Communication Sciences
Health Communication
Informācijas un komunikācijas zinātnes
Information and Communication Sciences
Keywords
Veselības komunikācija; Uzvedības pārmaiņu tehnikas taksonomija; Rehabilitācija pēc pārslimotas Covid-19 infekcijas, Health communication; Behavior change techniques taxonomy; Rehabilitation after Covid-19