Iekštelpu gaisa mikrobiālais piesārņojums un iekštelpu gaisa dezinfekcijas metodes
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Date
2022
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Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte
Rīga Stradiņš University
Rīga Stradiņš University
Abstract
Gaisa kvalitātes nozīme un ietekme uz veselību zināma un pierādīta jau sen, piesārņots gaiss veicina dažādu slimību attīstību, galvenokārt elpceļu saslimšanas. Slikta gaisa kvalitāte tiek saistīta ar vispārēju dzīves kvalitātes kritumu, kas atstāj ne tikai akūtas, bet arī hroniskas sekas. Iekštelpu gaisa kvalitātei cilvēku dzīvē ir līdzvērtīga nozīme, ja ne pat lielāka, ņemot vērā to, ka laiks ko pavadām telpās, sastāda lielāko dienas daļu. Viens no iekštelpu gaisa kvalitātes ietekmējošajiem faktoriem ir bioloģiskais piesārņotājums – mājas putekļu ērcītes, pelējuma sēnītes, mājdzīvnieku spalvas, baktērijas un vīrusi, tādēļ gaisa kvalitātes uzlabošanai tiek meklēti risinājumi, kas spēj mazināt arī mikrobu daudzumu telpas gaisā.
Mērķis. Apkopojot zinātnisko literatūru, noskaidrot būtiskākos iekštelpu gaisa mikrobiālos piesārņotājus. Apzināt, kādas ir gaisa dezinfekcijas metodes un kāda ir to efektivitāte pret mikrobiālo piesārņojumu gan publiski pieejamajās telpās, gan sadzīves lietošanai.
Materiāli un metodes. Informācijas ieguvei tiks analizēta pieejamā zinātniskā literatūra un publikācijas, pielietojot tēmai atbilstošus atslēgas vārdus datubāzēs: PubMed, Elsevier un ScienceDirect.
Galvenie rezultāti. Iekštelpu gaisa mikrobiālā piesārņojuma būtiskākais avots ir cilvēks un cilvēka mikrofloras pārstāvji, kā arī pēlējuma sēnītes, kas aug un vairojas uz ēku struktūrām. Iekštelpu gaisa dezinfekcija neaizstāj adekvātu telpu ventilāciju un uzkopšanu. Kā efektīvākā gaisa dezinfekcijas metode tiek atzīta gaisa filtrācija ar HEPA filtriem, tomēr filtrācija tikai mehāniski aiztur mikroorganismus. Mikroorganismu inaktivācijai piemērotākā metode ir germicīdais ultravioletais starojums.
Secinājumi. Pētījumi pierāda iekštelpu gaisa mikobiālā piesārņojuma nozīmīgo ietekmi uz cilvēka veselību un labklājību. Lai gūtu pilnvērtīgāku priekšstatu par inficētu indivīdu nozīmi īsto patogēnu izdalē, būtu jāveic kvalitatīvi pētījumi, kas identificē īsto patogēnu esamību iekštelpu gaisā. Kā arī būtu jāattīsta gaisa dezinfekcijas metožu kombināciju efektivitātes izpēte.
The significance and impact of air quality on health is known and already has been proven for a long time now. Contaminated air promotes the development of various diseases; mostly respiratory. Poor air quality is also associated with an overall decline in quality of life that leaves not only acute but also chronic consequences. Indoor air quality is equivalently meaningful in human life if not more, taking in consideration that the amount of time spent indoors takes up most of the day. One of the factors that influences indoor air quality is the biological contaminant; dust mites, mold, pet hair, bacteria, and viruses, therefore, solutions are being sought to improve air quality that can also reduce the amount of microbes in the room air. Target. Finding out the most essential indoor microbial contaminants by summarizing scientific literature. To identify air disinfection methods and what is their effectiveness against microbial pollution both in public and private indoor areas. Materials and methods. For collecting information, the available scientific literature and publications will be analyzed by using relevant keywords in databases: PubMed, Elsevier and ScienceDirect Key results. The largest source of indoor air microbial pollution are humans, representatives of the human microflora and mold that grows and multiplies on building structures. The disinfection of indoor air does not replace adequate ventilation and cleaning of the premises. Air filtration with HEPA filters has been recognized as the most effective method of air disinfection, however filtration is only capable of seizing the microorganisms mechanically. The most appropriate method for inactivating microorganisms is germicidal ultraviolet radiation. Conclusions. Research proves the significant impact of microbial indoor air contamination on both human health and well-being. To gain a better perspective on the the role of infected individuals in the release of true pathogens, it would be necessary to carry out qualitative research that identifies the presence of true pathogens in indoor air. Research into the effectiveness of air disinfection methods also should be developed.
The significance and impact of air quality on health is known and already has been proven for a long time now. Contaminated air promotes the development of various diseases; mostly respiratory. Poor air quality is also associated with an overall decline in quality of life that leaves not only acute but also chronic consequences. Indoor air quality is equivalently meaningful in human life if not more, taking in consideration that the amount of time spent indoors takes up most of the day. One of the factors that influences indoor air quality is the biological contaminant; dust mites, mold, pet hair, bacteria, and viruses, therefore, solutions are being sought to improve air quality that can also reduce the amount of microbes in the room air. Target. Finding out the most essential indoor microbial contaminants by summarizing scientific literature. To identify air disinfection methods and what is their effectiveness against microbial pollution both in public and private indoor areas. Materials and methods. For collecting information, the available scientific literature and publications will be analyzed by using relevant keywords in databases: PubMed, Elsevier and ScienceDirect Key results. The largest source of indoor air microbial pollution are humans, representatives of the human microflora and mold that grows and multiplies on building structures. The disinfection of indoor air does not replace adequate ventilation and cleaning of the premises. Air filtration with HEPA filters has been recognized as the most effective method of air disinfection, however filtration is only capable of seizing the microorganisms mechanically. The most appropriate method for inactivating microorganisms is germicidal ultraviolet radiation. Conclusions. Research proves the significant impact of microbial indoor air contamination on both human health and well-being. To gain a better perspective on the the role of infected individuals in the release of true pathogens, it would be necessary to carry out qualitative research that identifies the presence of true pathogens in indoor air. Research into the effectiveness of air disinfection methods also should be developed.
Description
Medicīna
Medicine
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care
Medicine
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care
Keywords
Gaisa kvalitāte, iekštelpu gaisa kvalitāte, gaisa dezinfekcija, gaisa mikrobiālais piesārņojums, infekciju netiešā pārnese, aerogēnie patogēni, Air quality, indoor air quality, air disinfection, indoor microbial pollution, indirect transmission infection, airborne pathogens