ANO Klimata konvencijas sekretariāts kā ASV un ĶTR "sadarbības atvieglotājs" Glāzgovas klimata pakta sagatavošanā
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Date
2022
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Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte
Rīga Stradiņš University
Rīga Stradiņš University
Abstract
ANO Klimata konvencijas sekretariāts kā ASV un ĶTR "sadarbības atvieglotājs" Glāzgovas klimata pakta sagatavošanā.
Klimata pārmaiņas notiek ātrāk nekā mēs tās varam risināt un skar visas jomas no ražošanas līdz valsts aizsardzībai. Pasaules vidējā temperatūra vēl joprojām turpina kāpt. Mērķis tās kāpumu ir ierobežot līdz 1.5 grādiem pēc celsija, kāds tas bija pirms industriālā laikmeta, kļūst arvien tālāks. Tāpēc ir nepieciešama valstu iesaiste klimata problēmu risināšanā. Caur ANO Klimata konvenciju un tās sekretariātu ir izveidota sistēma, kur valstīm ir iespējams sadarboties, lai meklētu risinājumus šīm problēmām. ASV un ĶTR ir lielākās piesārņotājvalstis, bet tai pašā laikā tās arī ir lielākās ekonomikas, un to sāncensība ir neizbēgama. Darbā tika izvirzīta hipotēze, ka ASV un ĶTR sāncensība liedza ANO Klimata konvencijas sekretariātam veikt “sadarbības atvieglotāja” funkciju Glāzgovas klimata pakta sagatavošanā. Problēma tika risināta, izpētot Klimata konvencijas sekretariāta darbību un to, kā ASV un ĶTR mijiedarbojas savstarpēji un ar Klimata konvencijas sekretariātu Pušu konferences ietvarā. Darba gaitā tika apskatīta neoliberālā institucionālisma teorija, tās pamatidejas un kā to attiecina pret starptautiskajām klimata institūcijām. Tālāk tika sniegts ieskats ANO Klimata konvencijā un tās sekretariātā, apskatot tā pamatfunkcijas un darbības virzienus. Darba noslēdzošajā daļā tika pētīts, kādu informāciju caur “nacionāli noteikto devumu” ASV un ĶTR sniedz Klimata konvencijas sekretariātam un kā šī informācija ietekmē to, kā Klimata konvencijas sekretariāts spēj veikt “sadarbības atvieglotāja” funkcijas. Ņemot vērā valstu nodrošināto informāciju, tika apskatīta informācija, ko valstīm sniedz Klimata konvencijas sekretariāts un kā tās ietekmē valstu sadarbību. Darba noslēgumā tiek secināts, ka darbā izvirzītā hipotēze apstiprinājās daļēji. ANO Klimata konvencijas sekretariāta funkcijas kā “sadarbības atvieglotājam” ir atkarīgas no tā, kādā apjomā un kādā laika posmā valstis nodrošina informāciju, šajā situācijā ASV un ĶTR. Nodrošināt sadarbību Klimata konvencijas sekretariātam netika liegts, bet tika ierobežota tā darbība, kā “sadarbības atvieglotājam”, jo informācija no valstīm neļāva tam pilnvērtīgi veikt savas funkcijas. Šis atstāja redzamu ietekmi uz Glāzgovas klimata pakta gatavošanu un tā fināla versiju. Klimata pārmaiņu jautājumi šajā pušu lēmumā tiek adresēti tālāk, tomēr mērķi un darbības nav tik augsti, cik sākotnēji bija cerēts.
UNFCC secretariat as a USA and PRC “cooperation facilitator” in the making of Glasgow climate pact. Climate change is happening faster than we would be able to deal with and it impacts every field from manufacturing to defense. The global average temperature is still rising and the goal to limit the rise till 1.5 degrees Celsius, as it was before the industrialized era, is starting to become even further. That is why there is a need for country involvement in tackling climate change. Through UN convention on climate change and its secretariat is established a system, where countries can cooperate to look for solutions for these problems. USA and PRC are the biggest polluters in the world but at the same time they are also the biggest economics, and their rivalry is inevitable. The paper hypothesized that the USA and the PRC rivalry denied the UNFCCC secretariat to perform its functions as a “cooperation facilitator” in the making of the Glasgow climate pact. Problem was addressed researching UNFCCC secretariat workings and how USA and PRC interact with each other and with the secretariat in the Conference of the Parties. In the course of work theory on neoliberal institutionalism was viewed, its basic principles and how to attribute it to international climate institutions. Further an insight was provided in the UNFCCC and its secretariat, looking at its main functions and fields of work. At the last part of the work was viewed the information USA and PRC is providing through nationally determined contributions and how this information impact the work of secretariat as “cooperation facilitator”. Considering information provided by the countries also the information provided by the secretariat to the parties and how it impacts cooperation between parties was viewed. At the end of the work, it is possible to conclude that the hypothesis put forward in the work was partially confirmed. UNFCCC secretariat functions as a “cooperation facilitator” is dependent on the amount information provides by the countries and at what time it is provided, in this situation from USA and PRC. For UNFCCC secretariat being a “cooperation facilitator” was not denied but limited, because the information from countries did not allow to do its function properly. This also impacted the Glasgow climate pact making and the final version. Climate change in this party decision is address further but the goals and activities are not as high as originally hoped for.
UNFCC secretariat as a USA and PRC “cooperation facilitator” in the making of Glasgow climate pact. Climate change is happening faster than we would be able to deal with and it impacts every field from manufacturing to defense. The global average temperature is still rising and the goal to limit the rise till 1.5 degrees Celsius, as it was before the industrialized era, is starting to become even further. That is why there is a need for country involvement in tackling climate change. Through UN convention on climate change and its secretariat is established a system, where countries can cooperate to look for solutions for these problems. USA and PRC are the biggest polluters in the world but at the same time they are also the biggest economics, and their rivalry is inevitable. The paper hypothesized that the USA and the PRC rivalry denied the UNFCCC secretariat to perform its functions as a “cooperation facilitator” in the making of the Glasgow climate pact. Problem was addressed researching UNFCCC secretariat workings and how USA and PRC interact with each other and with the secretariat in the Conference of the Parties. In the course of work theory on neoliberal institutionalism was viewed, its basic principles and how to attribute it to international climate institutions. Further an insight was provided in the UNFCCC and its secretariat, looking at its main functions and fields of work. At the last part of the work was viewed the information USA and PRC is providing through nationally determined contributions and how this information impact the work of secretariat as “cooperation facilitator”. Considering information provided by the countries also the information provided by the secretariat to the parties and how it impacts cooperation between parties was viewed. At the end of the work, it is possible to conclude that the hypothesis put forward in the work was partially confirmed. UNFCCC secretariat functions as a “cooperation facilitator” is dependent on the amount information provides by the countries and at what time it is provided, in this situation from USA and PRC. For UNFCCC secretariat being a “cooperation facilitator” was not denied but limited, because the information from countries did not allow to do its function properly. This also impacted the Glasgow climate pact making and the final version. Climate change in this party decision is address further but the goals and activities are not as high as originally hoped for.
Description
Starptautiskās attiecības - Eiropas studijas
International Relations - European Studies
Socioloģija, politoloģija un antropoloģija
Sociology, Politics and Anthropology
International Relations - European Studies
Socioloģija, politoloģija un antropoloģija
Sociology, Politics and Anthropology
Keywords
Klimata konvencija, sekretariāts, sadarbības atvieglošana, UNFCCC, secretariat, cooperation facilitating