Ķīnas pieejas Taivānas straptautiskā valstiskuma atzīšanas bloķēšanai
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Date
2020
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Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte
Rīga Stradiņš University
Rīga Stradiņš University
Abstract
Darba “Ķīnas pieejas Taivānas starptautiskā valstiskuma atzīšanas bloķēšanai” ietvaros tiek vērsta uzmanība uz vienu no pretrunīgākajiem jautājumiem starptautiskajās attiecībās – Taivānas statusu starptautiskajā sistēmā un tās attiecībām ar Ķīnu. Kopš dažādu režīmu izveides Ķīnā 1949.gadā, tie ir centušies pozicionēt sevi kā vienīgo un leģitīmo Ķīnas pārstāvi, tomēr pēdējo 40 gadu laikā starptautiskā sistēma ar vien vairāk ir noliekusies uz Ķīnas atzīšanu pār Taivānu, kas saistīts ar dažādiem motīviem. Ņemot vērā šo situāciju, Ķīna to ir tiekusies izmantot savā labā un izmanto dažādas pieejas, lai pēc iespējas vairāk ietekmētu citus starptautiskos aktorus, lai tie neatzītu Taivānas valstiskumu – to izpēte veido darba mērķi. Šāda rīcība skaidrojama ar tās uzskatu, ka Taivāna vēl joprojām ir daļa no tās teritorijas, ko tā par katru cenu vēlas pievienot sev. Tieši tā pat arī Taivāna visu Ķīnu uzskata par daļu no savas teritorijas. Tieši tas ir licis pamatu šī darba izstrādei, kura ietvaros padziļinātāka uzmanība ir tikusi vērsta tieši tam, kādas pieejas Ķīna izmanto, lai ierobežotu Taivānas valstiskuma atzīšanu.
Darbā tiek izvirzīta hipotēze - finansiāla atbalsta sniegšana bijušajiem Taivānas sabiedrotajiem, ir visbiežāk izmantotā Ķīnas pieeja, lai ierobežotu tās valstiskumu. Pētījuma gaitā, lai pārbaudītu izvirzīto hipotēzi, tiek izmantota kvalitatīvā pētījuma metode – dokumentu analīze.
Darbu kopumā veido trīs nodaļas, pirmajā nodaļā tiek sniegts pētījuma teorētiskais pamats, kas balstīts angļu skolas ietvarā, kas izvēlēta kā atbilstošākā šim pētījumam, tās visaptverošā starptautiskās sistēmas skaidrojuma dēļ. Darba otro nodaļu veido padziļinātāks ieskats Ķīnas un Taivānas savstarpējo attiecību dinamikā, kā arī valstiskuma atzīšanas problemātiskas apskatam. Trešās nodaļas ietvaros tiek veikta padziļinātāka izpēte par pieejām kā tieši Ķīna tiecas ierobežot Taivānas valstiskuma atzīšanu, no 2008. līdz 2020.gadam, kad valstis ir mainījušas savu nostāju šajā jautājumā.
Pētījuma gaitā iegūti arī vairāki būtiski secinājumi un identificētas būtiskākās pieejas kā tiek panākta Taivānas valstiskuma bloķēšana. Kā viena no primārajām pieejām ir ekonomiskā ietekme, jeb tā dēvētā dolāru diplomātija, kuras ietvaros valstis tiek pārliecinātas mainīt savu nostāju pret Taivānu. Tieši tā pat tiek izmantota spiediena veikšana pret dažāda veida uzņēmumiem un organizācijām, lai ietekmētu to uztveri par Taivānu. Darba gaitā arī secināts, ka Ķīnas izmantotās pieejas, lai gan samērā efektīvas savos centienos nosargāt tās nacionālas intereses, tām tomēr pastāv potenciāls atstāt pretēju efektu nākotnē, lai gan ir jāņem vērā, ka šo valstu savstarpējo attiecību kontekstā ir izteikti grūti veikt pilnvērtīgas prognozes.
The work “China’s approaches on blocking Taiwan’s international recognition” focuses on one of the most controversial and disputed situations in in international relations which is Taiwan’s international recognition. After the partition of both countries in 1949. Each one of them have tried to position themselves as the only true representative of the Chinese people. Nevertheless, during the past 40 years Taiwan has lost most of its allies and the international community has recognized China as the primary representative of the Chinese people. Taking this into consideration, China has tried for many years to influence Taiwan and other member of the international community through all kinds of mechanisms in order to degrade Taiwan’s international status and identity. China still considers Taiwan as a part of its territory and it has made it as one of its top national interests’ priorities to achieve reunification with it under communist rule. Therefore, this has made the base for this research which will specifically examine the ways and approaches through which China is trying to block Taiwan’s international recognition. The hypothesis of this work is that giving financial aid to previous Taiwan’s diplomatic allies, is the most common approach of China in order to restrict its international recognition. The research consists of three chapters. The first chapter is focused on the creation of the theoretical framework for the further research which is based in the English school on international relations, which was chosen as the most relevant for this work. The second chapter will consist of a deeper overview of the historical relationship dynamics of China and Taiwan, as well as the problems of international recognition. During the third chapter the research will be conducted during which a closer look will be taken on instances when countries have changed their recognition of Taiwan to China from 2008 to 2020. During the conducted research some key conclusions have been made regarding Chinas approaches on blocking Taiwan’s international recognition. It has been concluded that one of the main approaches through which China is degrading Taiwan’s sovereignty is economic influence, also known as the dollar diplomacy. There have also been identified approaches through which China is trying to influence international companies and organizations to further secure its view on Taiwan. It has been concluded that even though in many cases these approaches have been successful, there is a high risk of them backfiring in the long term, but it is also important to point out that making of any kind of predictions in this context is very difficult as there are many factors that can potentially change the future tendencies.
The work “China’s approaches on blocking Taiwan’s international recognition” focuses on one of the most controversial and disputed situations in in international relations which is Taiwan’s international recognition. After the partition of both countries in 1949. Each one of them have tried to position themselves as the only true representative of the Chinese people. Nevertheless, during the past 40 years Taiwan has lost most of its allies and the international community has recognized China as the primary representative of the Chinese people. Taking this into consideration, China has tried for many years to influence Taiwan and other member of the international community through all kinds of mechanisms in order to degrade Taiwan’s international status and identity. China still considers Taiwan as a part of its territory and it has made it as one of its top national interests’ priorities to achieve reunification with it under communist rule. Therefore, this has made the base for this research which will specifically examine the ways and approaches through which China is trying to block Taiwan’s international recognition. The hypothesis of this work is that giving financial aid to previous Taiwan’s diplomatic allies, is the most common approach of China in order to restrict its international recognition. The research consists of three chapters. The first chapter is focused on the creation of the theoretical framework for the further research which is based in the English school on international relations, which was chosen as the most relevant for this work. The second chapter will consist of a deeper overview of the historical relationship dynamics of China and Taiwan, as well as the problems of international recognition. During the third chapter the research will be conducted during which a closer look will be taken on instances when countries have changed their recognition of Taiwan to China from 2008 to 2020. During the conducted research some key conclusions have been made regarding Chinas approaches on blocking Taiwan’s international recognition. It has been concluded that one of the main approaches through which China is degrading Taiwan’s sovereignty is economic influence, also known as the dollar diplomacy. There have also been identified approaches through which China is trying to influence international companies and organizations to further secure its view on Taiwan. It has been concluded that even though in many cases these approaches have been successful, there is a high risk of them backfiring in the long term, but it is also important to point out that making of any kind of predictions in this context is very difficult as there are many factors that can potentially change the future tendencies.
Description
Starptautiskās attiecības - Eiropas studijas
International Relations - European Studies
Socioloģija, politoloģija un antropoloģija
Sociology, Politics and Anthropology
International Relations - European Studies
Socioloģija, politoloģija un antropoloģija
Sociology, Politics and Anthropology
Keywords
Ķīna, Taivāna, valstiskums, China, Taiwan, sovereignty