Cietumu subkultūra kā likumpārkāpēja personību raksturojošs un viņa resocializāciju ietekmējošs faktors
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Date
2021
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Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte
Rīga Stradiņš University
Rīga Stradiņš University
Abstract
Diplomdarba tēma ir Cietumu subkultūra kā likumpārkāpēja personību raksturojošs un viņa resocializāciju ietekmējošs faktors.
Diplomdarba tēmas aktualitāte ir saistīta ar cietuma subkultūras ietekmi uz likumpārkāpēja personību un likumpārkāpēja resocializācijas procesu, kā arī negatīvo ietekmi uz cietuma personālu. Minētais apstāklis uztrauc ne tikai ieslodzījuma vietu pārvaldes vadību un personālu, bet arī visas likumsargājošas iestādes, jo tas ir neapšaubāms drauds sabiedrībai. Nevar noliegt, ka cietuma subkultūra ir sava veida fenomens, kurš nav saprotams likumpaklausīgam pilsonim. Cietuma subkultūra ir nopietns drauds ieslodzījuma vietas drošībai, ir īpaši var izveidoties nelabvēlīga situācija, kur cietuma administrācija šo subkultūru atbalsta. Jārēķinās ar to, ka šodien zināmā mērā pastāv neformālā paritāte starp administrāciju un uzraudzībā esošām personām. Katrā cietumā tā izpaužas atšķirīgi, bet par šo jautājumu skaļi nerunā un to neafišē.
Kriminālās subkultūras attīstību veicinošas iespējas un vardarbība pastāv tajās ieslodzījuma vietās, kur vēl joprojām notiesātos izvieto cietuma vecajā infrastruktūrā, lielās un plašās telpās (vienībās), kur vienlaikus atrodas liels notiesāto skaits. Latvijas sodu izpildes kodeksa 13.1.pantā ir noteikti notiesāto personu izvietošanas kritēriji. Ieslodzījuma vietās šķirti tur notiesātos, kuru personiskās īpašības un kriminālā pieredze negatīvi iespaido citus notiesātos vai arī kuri apspiež un izmanto pārējos.
Vardarbību ieslodzīto vidū var veicināt vairāki faktori: ieslodzīto hierarhija (,,nerakstītie cietuma likumi”), dienas režīma nepiepildīšana ar saturiskām nodarbēm, kazarmu tipa telpas, kurās izvietots liels ieslodzīto skaits, darbinieku trūkums, kompetences trūkums, sadarbības trūkums starp cietuma struktūrvienībām (daļām),darbinieku nevēlēšanās iejaukties ieslodzīto savstarpējos strīdos.
Vislabākais risinājums kriminālās subkultūras izskaušanai ieslodzījuma vietās ir notiesāto izvietošana mazvietīgās kamerās un pozitīviem kā arī sabiedriski lietderīgiem pasākumiem piesātināta dienas kārtība. Pēc postpadomju sabiedrības pētnieka A.Oļeiņika atziņas, notiesāto ikdienas dzīvē nepastāv vienlīdzība un simetrisks tiesību un pienākumu apjoms, tas ir atkarīgs no tā, pie kādas subkultūras notiesāto kastas pieder notiesātais. Tieši pretēji galvenais priekšnosacījums šīs kārtības pastāvēšanai ir asimetrisks tiesību un pienākumu apjoms. Katrai notiesāto kategorijai ir savs specifisks tiesību un pienākumu apjoms, turklāt atbilstība starp tiesībām un pienākumiem ir izņēmums nevis noteikums.
Diplomdarba ietvaros autore pēta likumpārkāpēja personību no kriminoloģijas, krimināltiesību, sodu izpildes tiesību aspektiem.
The Diploma thesis is Prison subculture as a factor what characterizes the offender’s personality and influencing his resocialization process. The Diploma Thesis related to the impact of the prison subculture on the offender's personality and the offender's re-socialization process, as well as the negative impact on the prison staff. This is a matter of concern not only for the management and staff of the prison administration, but also for all law enforcement agencies, as it is a clear threat to society. It cannot be denied that the prison subculture is a kind of phenomenon that is incomprehensible to a law-abiding citizen. The prison subculture is a serious threat to the security of the prison, and a particular disadvantage may arise where the prison administration supports this subculture. It must be taken into account that today there is a degree of informal parity between the administration and the supervised persons. It manifests itself differently in each prison, but the issue is not talked about loudly or posted. Strange, but the situation is satisfactory and beneficial to the opposite, the parties, although such a relationship is contrary to the interests of society and the state. Opportunities and violence conducive to the development of the criminal subculture exist in those prisons where convicts are still housed in the old prison infrastructure, in large and spacious premises (units) with a large number of convicts at the same time. Article 13.1 of the Latvian Penitentiary Code sets out the criteria for the placement of convicted persons. Prisoners whose personal characteristics and criminal experience adversely affect other convicts or who oppress and exploit others are held separately in prisons. Violence between the prisoners can be notified by a number of factors: prisoner hierarchy ("unwritten prison laws"), non-compliance with daily activities with content activities, barracks-type rooms with large numbers of prisoners, lack of staff, lack of competence, lack of co-operation between prison units, the reluctance of staff to intervene in prisoners' disputes. The best solution for the eradication of criminal subculture in prisons is the placement of convicts in small cells and a saturated agenda for positive and socially useful activities. According to A.Oleynik, a researcher of post-Soviet society, there is no equality and a symmetrical amount of rights and obligations in the daily life of convicts, it depends on which subculture of the convicts the convict belongs to. On the contrary, the main precondition for the existence of this order is an asymmetrical range of rights and obligations. Each category of convicted person has its own specific range of rights and obligations, and the correspondence between rights and obligations is the exception rather than the rule.
The Diploma thesis is Prison subculture as a factor what characterizes the offender’s personality and influencing his resocialization process. The Diploma Thesis related to the impact of the prison subculture on the offender's personality and the offender's re-socialization process, as well as the negative impact on the prison staff. This is a matter of concern not only for the management and staff of the prison administration, but also for all law enforcement agencies, as it is a clear threat to society. It cannot be denied that the prison subculture is a kind of phenomenon that is incomprehensible to a law-abiding citizen. The prison subculture is a serious threat to the security of the prison, and a particular disadvantage may arise where the prison administration supports this subculture. It must be taken into account that today there is a degree of informal parity between the administration and the supervised persons. It manifests itself differently in each prison, but the issue is not talked about loudly or posted. Strange, but the situation is satisfactory and beneficial to the opposite, the parties, although such a relationship is contrary to the interests of society and the state. Opportunities and violence conducive to the development of the criminal subculture exist in those prisons where convicts are still housed in the old prison infrastructure, in large and spacious premises (units) with a large number of convicts at the same time. Article 13.1 of the Latvian Penitentiary Code sets out the criteria for the placement of convicted persons. Prisoners whose personal characteristics and criminal experience adversely affect other convicts or who oppress and exploit others are held separately in prisons. Violence between the prisoners can be notified by a number of factors: prisoner hierarchy ("unwritten prison laws"), non-compliance with daily activities with content activities, barracks-type rooms with large numbers of prisoners, lack of staff, lack of competence, lack of co-operation between prison units, the reluctance of staff to intervene in prisoners' disputes. The best solution for the eradication of criminal subculture in prisons is the placement of convicts in small cells and a saturated agenda for positive and socially useful activities. According to A.Oleynik, a researcher of post-Soviet society, there is no equality and a symmetrical amount of rights and obligations in the daily life of convicts, it depends on which subculture of the convicts the convict belongs to. On the contrary, the main precondition for the existence of this order is an asymmetrical range of rights and obligations. Each category of convicted person has its own specific range of rights and obligations, and the correspondence between rights and obligations is the exception rather than the rule.
Description
Tiesību zinātne
Law Science
Tiesību zinātne
Law Science
Law Science
Tiesību zinātne
Law Science
Keywords
Ieslodzījums, kriminālā subkultūra, likumpārkāpējs, ieslodzītais, resocializācijas process, likums, noteikumi, cilvēktiesības., Imprisonment, criminal subculture, offender, prisoner, process of resocialization, law, rules, human rights.