Various Sports Impacts on Children and Adolescents Musculoskeletal System
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Date
2021
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Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte
Rīga Stradiņš University
Rīga Stradiņš University
Abstract
Ievads - Bērnu un jauniešu (vecumā no pieciem līdz deviņpadsmit gadiem) muskuloskeletālā sistēma atšķiras no pieaugušo gan pēc fizioloģijas, gan pēc kaulu, skeleta muskulatūras, cīpslu, saišu un locītavu attīstības. Tā kā pieaug jauniešu iesaiste dažādos sporta veidos [1], vienlaikus pieaugot arī liekā svara sastopamībai šajā vecuma grupā [2], dažādu sporta veidu atstātā ietekme uz bērnu un jauniešu muskuloskeletālo sistēmu un tās struktūrām, ir nepieciešams padziļināts pieejamās zinātniskās literatūras kopsavilkums, lai nodrošinātu bērniem un jauniešiem drošu piedalīšanos sportā.
Darba mērķis - Veidot kopsavilkumu par (1) muskulosketetālās sistēmas īpatnībām un īpašībām pediatrijā un to nozīmību, izvērtējot dažādu sporta veidu ietekmi uz to, liekot uzsvaru uz (2) veselības ieguvumiem (3) un traumēšanās riskiem. Tādējādi noskaidrojot svarīgos faktorus, kas nosaka drošu piedalīšanos sportā, ar mērķi uzlabot bērnu un jauniešu veselību no vairākiem skatpunktiem.
Metodoloģija - Šis literatūras apskats tika veikts, izmantojot meklēšanas rīku ClinicalKey by Elsevier un citus tiešsaistes meklēšanas rīkus, ko nodrošina Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte, iekļaujot citējamus medicīniskus šķirkļus, žurnālus, zinātniskos rakstus un grāmatas, kas publicēti laikā no 2000. līdz 2021. gadam. Meklēšanai tika izmantoti atslēgas vārdi, kā “pediatrisks”, “bērnu”, “pusaudžu”, “bērnība”, “jauniešu”, “atlēts”, “muskuloskeletālā sistēma”, “kaulu attīstība”, “epifīze”, “skeleta muskulatūra”, “cīpsla”, “locītavas”, “fiziskā aktivitāte”, “sports”, “veselības ieguvumi”, “lokanība”, “kustību kompetence”, “poza”, “balanss”, “kaulu minerālblīvums”, “kaulu masa”, “muskuļu spēks”, “aptaukošanās”, “sporta trauma”, “traumas risks”, “vingrošana”, “balets”, “komandu sports”, “futbols”, “amerikāņu futbols”, “basketbols”, “teniss”, un dažādas saistītas kombinācijas.
Rezultāti - Apkopojot literatūru tiek noskaidots, ka lai arī noteikti sporta veidi prasa no atlētiem vienlīdz daudz visos vecumos, bērnu un jauniešu muskuloskeletālā sistēma ir ļoti atšķirīga no pieaugušo. Sporta traumas risks, īpaši kontaktsporta, cīņu sporta un augstas slodzes sporta veidos var tikt nepietiekami izvērtēts, tādēļ ir jātiecas uz preventīvu rīcībai. Ieguvumi veselībai no regulāra, sporta veida, kas ir labi pārraudzīts un visaptverošs, ir lielāki, nekā traumēšanās riski, tostarp, lai samazinātu ķermeņa masas indeksu ĶMI, uzlabojot kustību prasmi, balansu, stāju, izturību un kaulu veselību.
Secinājumi - Lai nodrošinātu bērnu lielāku iesaisti sportā, būšanu formā, kā arī cīnītos ar pieaugošo liekā svara izplatību, ir svarīgi izglītot (1) par veselības ieguvumiem pie regulāras un daudzveidīgas sportošanas, (2) nodrošināt augstāku sporta programmu pieejamību skolās un ģimenēm ar zemiem ienākumiem, un (3) ieviest rīkus, lai pasargātu bērnus un pusaudžus no sporta traumām un radītu drošāku vidi sportošanai.
Background - The musculoskeletal system of children and adolescents, hereby referring to school-aged children and adolescents from the age of five through nineteen, differs to that of adults in its physiology and development of bones, skeletal muscle, tendons, ligaments, and joints. As the rate of participation in organized sports is rising among the youth [1], while the rate of obesity is also increasing [2], the impact of various sports and athletics on the musculoskeletal system of children and adolescents and the aforementioned points of exploration deserve a comprehensive summation of existing relevant literature to encourage safe sports participation of children and adolescents. Aim - To compile an overview of the peculiarities and specificities of the (1) paediatric musculoskeletal system and its significance in evaluating various impacts of sports while placing an emphasis on (2) health benefits and (3) risk of injury. Thus, establishing important factors for promoting safe sports participation, aiming to increase multiple aspects of health in children and adolescents. Methodology - This is a literature review using the medical search engine ClinicalKey by Elsevier and other online research platforms provided by Rīga Stradiņš University including relevant medical articles, journals, research papers and books from 2000 to 2021. Relevant articles were found using the search terms “paediatric”, “children”, “adolescents”, “athlete”, “musculoskeletal system”, “physis”, “skeletal muscle”, “tendon”, “joints”, “physical activity”, “sports”, “health benefits”, “flexibility”, “movement competence”, “posture”, “balance”, “bone mineral density”, “bone mass”, “muscle strength”, “obesity”, “sports injuries”, “injury risk”, “gymnastics”, “ballet”, “team sports”, “soccer”, “football”, “basketball”, “tennis” and other various combinations thereof. Main results - The literature review found that while a certain sport places similar demands on athletes of all ages, the musculoskeletal system varies greatly to that of adults. The risk of sports injury, particularly in contact, competitive and high intensity sports, should not be underestimated and preventative measures should be taken. The health benefits of regular, supervised, diverse, and well implemented sports, outweigh the risk of injury and additionally to reducing BMI, include increased movement competence, balance, posture, strength, and bone health. Conclusion - In order to promote sports participation aiding to combat increasing obesity rates and decreased fitness in children and adolescents, it is necessary to (1) educate on the health benefits of regular and diverse exercise, (2) provide higher availability of sports programs in schools and for low-income families and (3) implement sports injury prevention programs to create a safer sports environment for children and adolescents.
Background - The musculoskeletal system of children and adolescents, hereby referring to school-aged children and adolescents from the age of five through nineteen, differs to that of adults in its physiology and development of bones, skeletal muscle, tendons, ligaments, and joints. As the rate of participation in organized sports is rising among the youth [1], while the rate of obesity is also increasing [2], the impact of various sports and athletics on the musculoskeletal system of children and adolescents and the aforementioned points of exploration deserve a comprehensive summation of existing relevant literature to encourage safe sports participation of children and adolescents. Aim - To compile an overview of the peculiarities and specificities of the (1) paediatric musculoskeletal system and its significance in evaluating various impacts of sports while placing an emphasis on (2) health benefits and (3) risk of injury. Thus, establishing important factors for promoting safe sports participation, aiming to increase multiple aspects of health in children and adolescents. Methodology - This is a literature review using the medical search engine ClinicalKey by Elsevier and other online research platforms provided by Rīga Stradiņš University including relevant medical articles, journals, research papers and books from 2000 to 2021. Relevant articles were found using the search terms “paediatric”, “children”, “adolescents”, “athlete”, “musculoskeletal system”, “physis”, “skeletal muscle”, “tendon”, “joints”, “physical activity”, “sports”, “health benefits”, “flexibility”, “movement competence”, “posture”, “balance”, “bone mineral density”, “bone mass”, “muscle strength”, “obesity”, “sports injuries”, “injury risk”, “gymnastics”, “ballet”, “team sports”, “soccer”, “football”, “basketball”, “tennis” and other various combinations thereof. Main results - The literature review found that while a certain sport places similar demands on athletes of all ages, the musculoskeletal system varies greatly to that of adults. The risk of sports injury, particularly in contact, competitive and high intensity sports, should not be underestimated and preventative measures should be taken. The health benefits of regular, supervised, diverse, and well implemented sports, outweigh the risk of injury and additionally to reducing BMI, include increased movement competence, balance, posture, strength, and bone health. Conclusion - In order to promote sports participation aiding to combat increasing obesity rates and decreased fitness in children and adolescents, it is necessary to (1) educate on the health benefits of regular and diverse exercise, (2) provide higher availability of sports programs in schools and for low-income families and (3) implement sports injury prevention programs to create a safer sports environment for children and adolescents.
Description
Medicīna
Medicine
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care
Medicine
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care
Keywords
“pediatrisks”, “bērnu”, “pusaudžu”, “atlēts”, “muskuloskeletālā sistēma”, “fiziskā aktivitāte”, “sports”, “trenēšanās”, “veselības ieguvumi”, “lokanība”, “kustību kompetence”, “poza”, “balanss”, “kaulu minerālblīvums”, “muskuļu spēks”, “aptaukošanās”, “sporta trauma”, “paediatric”, “children”, “adolescents”, “athlete”, “musculoskeletal system”, “physical activity”, “sports”, “training”, “health benefits", “flexibility”, “movement competence”, “posture”, “balance”, “bone mineral density”, “muscle strength”, “sports injuries”, “injury risk”