Perfekcionisma un kauna un vainas izjūtas saistības pieaugušajiem
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Date
2021
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Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte
Rīga Stradiņš University
Rīga Stradiņš University
Abstract
Pētījuma mērķis ir noskaidrot perfekcionisma, kauna un vainas izjūtas saistību. Tiekšanās pēc perfekcionisma ir ierobežojoša, jo perfekcionismu pilnībā sasniegt nav iespējams – vismaz ne tādā apmērā, kādā perfekcionists iztēlojies. Apziņa, ka to nevarēs sasniegt, izraisa kauna izjūtu. Vainas izjūta ir vērsta uz konkrētu uzvedību un saistīta ar vēlmi situāciju labot, bet kauns saistīts ar vēlmi no situācijas bēgt. Pētījumā tiek uzdoti jautājumi: Vai pieaugušajiem ir saistība starp perfekcionismu un kaunu? Vai pieaugušajiem ir saistība starp perfekcionismu un vainas izjūtu?
Izlasē piedalījās 151 latviski runājoši pieaugušie (68% sieviešu; vecumā no 19 līdz 70 gadiem; M=39.43; SD=12.89). Izlase veidota pēc sniega pikas metodes, izmantota ērtuma izlase. Tika izmantotas Frosta mulidimensionālā perfekcionisma skala (The Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale, FMPS; Frost et al., 1990; Jokste, 2020) un Hroniskā kauna un vainas aptauja (Ķirsis, 2014).
Ne visām multidimensionālā perfekcionisma dimensijām ir saistības ar kauna un vainas izjūtām. Rezultāti uzrāda statistiski nozīmīgu, ciešu kauna izjūtas saistību ar bailēm kļūdīties (rs=0.819; p<0,001), šaubām par rīcību (rs=0.512; p<0,001), vecāku gaidām (rs=0.425; p<0,001) un vecāku kritiku (rs=0.468; p<0,001). Kā arī statistiski nozīmīga, cieša ir vainas izjūtas saistība ar bailēm kļūdīties (rs=0.540; p<0,001), šaubām par rīcību (rs=0.443; p<0,001) un vecāku kritiku (rs=0.365; p<0,001).
Iegūtie rezultāti izmantojami turpinot zinātnisko darbību psiholoģijas praksē, padziļināti pētot perfekcionisma, vainas izjūtas un kauna raksturu, lai palielinātu izpratni par tiem perfekcionisma faktoriem, kas veicina kauna un vainas izjūtas attīstību un traucē intervecei un varētu izstrādāt precīzākus un efektīvākus intervences veidus darbam ar neadaptīvo perfekcionismu. Iegūtās zināšanas izmantojamas prakstiski – konsultējot indivīdus ar perfekcionisma iezīmēm.
Saistības starp perfekcionisma apakšdimensijām, kaunu un vainas izjūtu ir atrodamas arī citos pētījumos - kauns un perfekcionisms ir saistīti ar psiholoģiskās veselības problēmām un neadaptīvais perfekcionisms uzrāda saistības ar vainas izjūtu, kaunu un paškritiku. (Ashby et al., 2006; Fedewa et al., 2005; Matos & Steindl, 2020; Stoeber et al, 2007).
The aim of the study is to find out the connection between perfectionism, shame and guilt. The pursuit of perfectionism is restrictive, because perfectionism cannot be fully achieved - at least not to the extent that the perfectionist imagined. The awareness that this will not be achieved awakens the feeling of shame. Guilt is focused on specific behavior and is related to the desire to correct the situation, but shame is related to the desire to escape from the situation. The sample is made of 151 Latvian-speaking adults (68% women; aged from 19 to 70; M=39.43; SD=12.89). The sample is made according to the snowball method, the convenience sample is used. Not all dimensions of multidimensional perfectionism are related to shame and guilt. The results show a statistically significant, close correlation of shame with concern over mistakes (rs=0.540; p<0,001), doubts about acions (rs=0.512; p<0,001), parental expectations (rs=0.425; p<0,001) and parental criticism (rs=0.468; p<0,001). Also statistically significant, there is a strong association between guilt and concern over mistakes (rs = 0.540; p <0.001), doubts about actions (rs=0.443; p<0,001) and parental criticism (rs=0.365; p<0,001). The obtained results can be used to continue scientific work in psychological practice, in-depth study of the nature of perfectionism, guilt and shame, to increase the understanding of the factors of perfectionism. The acquired knowledge can be used in practice - consulting individuals with the features of perfectionism. The links between the subdimensions of perfectionism, shame and guilt can also be found in other studies - shame and perfectionism are associated with psychological health problems and non-adaptive perfectionism is associated with guilt, shame and self-criticism. (Ashby et al., 2006; Fedewa et al., 2005; Matos & Steindl, 2020; Stoeber et al, 2007).
The aim of the study is to find out the connection between perfectionism, shame and guilt. The pursuit of perfectionism is restrictive, because perfectionism cannot be fully achieved - at least not to the extent that the perfectionist imagined. The awareness that this will not be achieved awakens the feeling of shame. Guilt is focused on specific behavior and is related to the desire to correct the situation, but shame is related to the desire to escape from the situation. The sample is made of 151 Latvian-speaking adults (68% women; aged from 19 to 70; M=39.43; SD=12.89). The sample is made according to the snowball method, the convenience sample is used. Not all dimensions of multidimensional perfectionism are related to shame and guilt. The results show a statistically significant, close correlation of shame with concern over mistakes (rs=0.540; p<0,001), doubts about acions (rs=0.512; p<0,001), parental expectations (rs=0.425; p<0,001) and parental criticism (rs=0.468; p<0,001). Also statistically significant, there is a strong association between guilt and concern over mistakes (rs = 0.540; p <0.001), doubts about actions (rs=0.443; p<0,001) and parental criticism (rs=0.365; p<0,001). The obtained results can be used to continue scientific work in psychological practice, in-depth study of the nature of perfectionism, guilt and shame, to increase the understanding of the factors of perfectionism. The acquired knowledge can be used in practice - consulting individuals with the features of perfectionism. The links between the subdimensions of perfectionism, shame and guilt can also be found in other studies - shame and perfectionism are associated with psychological health problems and non-adaptive perfectionism is associated with guilt, shame and self-criticism. (Ashby et al., 2006; Fedewa et al., 2005; Matos & Steindl, 2020; Stoeber et al, 2007).
Description
Psiholoģija
Psychology
Psiholoģija
Psychology
Psychology
Psiholoģija
Psychology
Keywords
Atslēgas vārdi: augsti standarti, kauns, pašvērtējums, perfekcionisms, vainas izjūta, Keywords: guilt, high standards, perfectionism, self-esteem, shame