Cukura diabēta pacientu ikdienas ēšanas paradumi.
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Date
2020
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Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte
Rīga Stradiņš University
Rīga Stradiņš University
Abstract
Cukura diabēts ir hroniska slimība, kam raksturīgs paaugstināts cukura līmenis asinīs un ar to saistītās izpausmes. Mūsdienās saslimstība ar cukura diabētu strauji progresē. Pasaulē ar šo slimību slimo jau 422 miljoni cilvēku, savukārt Latvijā 2017.gadā bija 91571 pacienti jeb 4733.87 pacienti uz 100000 iedzīvotājiem. Kā viens no būtiskākajiem cukura diabēta gadījumu skaita pieauguma faktoriem ir neveselīgs dzīvesveids un liekais svars, kuru novēršanai sabalansēts uzturs ir būtisks faktors. Lielākā daļa cukura diabēta pacientu, aptuveni 90% (pēc SPKC datiem Latvijā vidēji 92.34%) no kopējā skaita, slimo ar otrā tipa cukura diabētu, kura viens no galvenajiem izraisītājiem ir neveselīgs dzīvesveids, aptaukošanās un kaitīgie ieradumi. Pasaules Veselības organizācija uzsver cukura diabēta radītos būtisko ietekmi uz iedzīvotāju, to mājsaimniecību, veselības aprūpes organizāciju un globālo ekonomiku pacientu nāves, darba spēju ierobežojumu, ārstēšanās izdevumu un medikamentu patēriņa pieauguma dēļ, un kā vienu no būtiskākajiem stratēģiskajiem mērķiem ir noteikusi cukura diabēta izplatības ierobežošanu. Pēc PVO datiem, 2012.gadā nāves gadījumu skaits, kuru iemesls ir norādīts cukura diabēts, sasniedza 1,5 miljonus, savukārt vēl 2,2 miljonos nāves gadījumu citu iemeslu dēļ ir konstatēts paaugstināts cukura līmenis. Kā viena no galvenajām PVO rekomendācijām cukura diabēta ierobežošanas plānā ir noteikt augstu prioritāti darbībām, kas veicina liekā svara pieauguma un aptaukošanās novēršanu, sākot ar pirms dzimšanas periodu un agru bērnību. Liela uzmanība tiek pievērsta veselīga uztura veicināšanas, zīdīšanas, atturēšanās no neveselīgas pārtikas, piemēram, dzērienu ar augstu cukura saturu, lietošanas, programmu un konkrētu darbību nozīmei, kā arī, fiziskās aktivitātes veicināšanai. Atbilstošas vides radīšana, izpratnes par veselības riskiem veicināšana un iedzīvotāju izglītošana veselīga uztura jautājumos ir nozīmīgi uzdevumi, kuru izpilde var sekmēties ar tādu dzīvesveida izraisītu slimību kā cukura diabēts pacientu skaita samazināšanos. Lai izpildītu pētnieciskā darba mērķi noskaidrot cukura diabēta pacientu ikdienas ēšanas ieradumus un izvirzīto hipotēzi, tika veikts pētījums slimnīcas XXX terapeitiskajā nodaļā. Pētījumā izmantota kvantitatīvā metode, anketējot 100 cukura diabēta pacientus. Pētījuma rezultāts ļauj secināt, ka lielākā daļa aptaujāto respondentu – diabēta pacientu nepievērš pienācīgu uzmanību sabalansēta uztura lietošanai.
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease characterized by high blood sugar and its associated manifestations. The incidence of diabetes is rising rapidly. There are already 422 million people with this disease in the world, in 2017 in Latvia there were 91,571 patients or 4,733.87 patients per 100,000 inhabitants. One of the most important factors in the increase in the number of cases of diabetes is an unhealthy lifestyle and overweight, for the prevention of which a balanced diet is an important factor. The majority of diabetic patients, approximately 90% (according to SPKC data in Latvia on average 92.34%) of the total number, suffer from type 2 diabetes, which is mostly caused by unhealthy lifestyle, obesity and bad habits. The World Health Organization emphasizes the significant impact of diabetes on economy of the people, households, healthcare organizations as well as economy globaly through deaths, disability, rising medical costs and rising drug use, and has identified reducing the prevalence of diabetes as a key strategic goal. According to the WHO, in 2012, the number of deaths caused by diabetes reached 1.5 million, while another 2.2 million deaths due to other causes have been associated with high blood glucosis. One of the most important recommendations WHO in the diabetes reductio plan is to give high priority to actions that promote the prevention of overweight and obesity, starting with time before birth and early childhood. Much attention is paid to the importance of promoting healthy nutrition, breast-feeding, discouraging unhealthy food, such as high-sugar drinks, consumption and specific activities, and promoting physical activity.In order to reduce the number of lifestylerelated diseases, such as diabetes, it is important to create an appropriate environment, raise awareness of health risks and educate citizens about healthy diets and lifestyles. Based on the aim of the research work to identify the daily eating habits of diabetes patients and the hypothesis, a research in the hospital's XXX therapeutic department was conducted. The study uses a quantitative method. 100 diabetes patients were surveyed. The result of the research allows concluding that the majority of respondents - diabetic patients do not follow a special diet, but use pills or insulin injections for fluctuating sugar levels
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease characterized by high blood sugar and its associated manifestations. The incidence of diabetes is rising rapidly. There are already 422 million people with this disease in the world, in 2017 in Latvia there were 91,571 patients or 4,733.87 patients per 100,000 inhabitants. One of the most important factors in the increase in the number of cases of diabetes is an unhealthy lifestyle and overweight, for the prevention of which a balanced diet is an important factor. The majority of diabetic patients, approximately 90% (according to SPKC data in Latvia on average 92.34%) of the total number, suffer from type 2 diabetes, which is mostly caused by unhealthy lifestyle, obesity and bad habits. The World Health Organization emphasizes the significant impact of diabetes on economy of the people, households, healthcare organizations as well as economy globaly through deaths, disability, rising medical costs and rising drug use, and has identified reducing the prevalence of diabetes as a key strategic goal. According to the WHO, in 2012, the number of deaths caused by diabetes reached 1.5 million, while another 2.2 million deaths due to other causes have been associated with high blood glucosis. One of the most important recommendations WHO in the diabetes reductio plan is to give high priority to actions that promote the prevention of overweight and obesity, starting with time before birth and early childhood. Much attention is paid to the importance of promoting healthy nutrition, breast-feeding, discouraging unhealthy food, such as high-sugar drinks, consumption and specific activities, and promoting physical activity.In order to reduce the number of lifestylerelated diseases, such as diabetes, it is important to create an appropriate environment, raise awareness of health risks and educate citizens about healthy diets and lifestyles. Based on the aim of the research work to identify the daily eating habits of diabetes patients and the hypothesis, a research in the hospital's XXX therapeutic department was conducted. The study uses a quantitative method. 100 diabetes patients were surveyed. The result of the research allows concluding that the majority of respondents - diabetic patients do not follow a special diet, but use pills or insulin injections for fluctuating sugar levels
Description
Māszinības (ar specializāciju Internās aprūpes māsa)
Nursing Studies
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care
Nursing Studies
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care
Keywords
Atslēgvārdi: cukura diabēts, insulīns, hipoglikēmija, hiperglikēmija, uztura ieteikumi, ogļhidrāti, diēta., Keywords: diabetes, insulin, hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, dietary recommendations, carbohydrates, diet.