The role of nutrition and diet in Age-related macular degeneration
No Thumbnail Available
Date
2022
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte
Rīga Stradiņš University
Rīga Stradiņš University
Abstract
Ievads: Ar vecumu saistīta makulas deģenerācija ir plaši izplatīta problēma gados vecāku iedzīvotāju vidū un ir galvenais akluma cēlonis cilvēkiem, kas vecāki par 65 gadiem, attīstītajās valstīs, un turpmākajās desmitgadēs saslimstība palielināsies. Galvenā ar vecumu saistītās makulas deģenerācijas problēma ir cēloņsakarības ārstēšanas trūkums. Šis ārstēšanas iespēju trūkums liecina par nepilnībām pētniecībā un zināšanās par izplatītu slimību, un turklāt parāda, cik svarīgi ir apsvērt vairāk iespēju, kā atbalstīt ārstēšanu vai pat novērst ar vecumu saistītu makulas deģenerāciju. Tāpēc uztura izglītība un uztura bagātinātāji vairāk jāuzskata par papildu ārstēšanas iespējām.
Darba mērķi: šajā literatūras apskatā ir paredzēts izpētīt uzturvielu un uztura paradumu ietekmi uz tīkleni un to, vai to var izmantot ar vecumu saistītas makulas deģenerācijas profilaksei un ārstēšanai.
Metodoloģija: Mana pētījuma metode ir atrast attiecīgas publikācijas no pēdējiem 10 gadiem vietnē PubMed, pētot šādu uzturvielu ietekmi uz ar vecumu saistītu makulas deģenerāciju: antioksidanti, vitamīni (C, E, D, B vitamīns), karotinoīdi (beta-karotīns, Luteīns un zeaksantīns), minerālvielu piedevas (cinks, varš, selēns), uztura taukskābes (Omega-3 un holesterīns), uztura ogļhidrāti un Vidusjūras diēta. Turklāt es izvēlos eksperimentālus un epidemioloģiskos pētījumus, kas atbalsta vai neatbalsta saikni starp uztura paradumiem, dzīvesveida iejaukšanos, kā arī mikroelementiem un ar vecumu saistītu makulas deģenerāciju.
Rezultāti: Literatūras apskats parādīja pretrunīgus rezultātus par uztura bagātinātāju labvēlīgo ietekmi. Tomēr daudzas barības vielas aizsargā tīkleni, darbojoties sinerģiski. Turklāt uztura bagātinātāji var dot minimālu labumu slimības sākumam un progresēšanai. Tomēr tas neattiecas uz personām ar pilnu uzturvielu slieksni. Ģenētiskie faktori ietekmē uztura bagātinātāju labvēlīgo ietekmi, kas var izskaidrot atšķirīgos reakcijas modeļus un izskaidrot atšķirības starp indivīdiem. Visbeidzot, vispārēja dzīvesveida iejaukšanās kombinācija, piemēram, fiziskās aktivitātes, izvairīšanās no smēķēšanas un veselīga uztura, piemēram, Vidusjūras diēta, ir saistīta ar mazāku ar vecumu saistītas makulas deģenerācijas izplatību.
Secinājums: ar vecumu saistītu acu slimību pētījumos balstītas formulas nenovērš slimības rašanos, bet turklāt palielina vēlākas sākuma un lēnas slimības progresēšanas iespēju, ja to lieto kopā ar vispārēju veselīgu dzīvesveidu.
Introduction: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in people over 65 years of age in developed countries, with expected increasing incidence during the next decades. The main issue of Age-related macular degeneration is the lack of causal treatment. The limited treatment options show a gap in research and knowledge of a common disease and moreover shows the significance of considering more options on how to advance the treatment or even prevent the onset of Age-related macular degeneration. Therefore, dietary education and nutritional supplementation should be more considered as a supportive treatment option. Research goals: This literature review is supposed to investigate the effects of nutrients and dietary habits on the retina and if it can be used for prevention and treatment of Age-related macular degeneration. Methodology: My research method is to find relevant publications from the last 10 years on PubMed, investigating the effects of following nutrients on Age-related macular degeneration: Antioxidants, vitamins (vitamin C, E, D, B), carotenoids (Beta-carotene, Lutein and Zeaxanthin), mineral supplements (Zinc, copper, selenium), dietary fatty acids (Omega-3 and cholesterol), dietary carbohydrates and the Mediterranean diet. Furthermore, I select experimental and epidemiological studies, supporting or not, the link between dietary habits, lifestyle interventions as well as micronutrients and Age-related macular degeneration. Results: The literature review showed contradictory results of the beneficial effects of dietary supplementation. Nevertheless, many of the nutrients exert a protective role on the retina by functioning synergistically. Moreover, Dietary supplements can give minimal benefit on disease onset and progression. However, this does mostly apply to individuals, who are below the sufficient threshold of dietary intake. Additionally, Genetic factors have an impact on the beneficial effects of dietary supplementation, which may explain the distinctive patterns of response and explain differences found among individuals. Lastly, an overall combination of lifestyle interventions, such as physical activity, avoidance of smoking, and a healthy dietary pattern like the Mediterranean diet is associated with a lower prevalence of Age-related macular degeneration. Conclusion: Age related eye disease study-based formulations do not prevent the disease onset, but moreover increase the chance of a later onset and slow disease progression when it is used with an overall healthy lifestyle.
Introduction: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in people over 65 years of age in developed countries, with expected increasing incidence during the next decades. The main issue of Age-related macular degeneration is the lack of causal treatment. The limited treatment options show a gap in research and knowledge of a common disease and moreover shows the significance of considering more options on how to advance the treatment or even prevent the onset of Age-related macular degeneration. Therefore, dietary education and nutritional supplementation should be more considered as a supportive treatment option. Research goals: This literature review is supposed to investigate the effects of nutrients and dietary habits on the retina and if it can be used for prevention and treatment of Age-related macular degeneration. Methodology: My research method is to find relevant publications from the last 10 years on PubMed, investigating the effects of following nutrients on Age-related macular degeneration: Antioxidants, vitamins (vitamin C, E, D, B), carotenoids (Beta-carotene, Lutein and Zeaxanthin), mineral supplements (Zinc, copper, selenium), dietary fatty acids (Omega-3 and cholesterol), dietary carbohydrates and the Mediterranean diet. Furthermore, I select experimental and epidemiological studies, supporting or not, the link between dietary habits, lifestyle interventions as well as micronutrients and Age-related macular degeneration. Results: The literature review showed contradictory results of the beneficial effects of dietary supplementation. Nevertheless, many of the nutrients exert a protective role on the retina by functioning synergistically. Moreover, Dietary supplements can give minimal benefit on disease onset and progression. However, this does mostly apply to individuals, who are below the sufficient threshold of dietary intake. Additionally, Genetic factors have an impact on the beneficial effects of dietary supplementation, which may explain the distinctive patterns of response and explain differences found among individuals. Lastly, an overall combination of lifestyle interventions, such as physical activity, avoidance of smoking, and a healthy dietary pattern like the Mediterranean diet is associated with a lower prevalence of Age-related macular degeneration. Conclusion: Age related eye disease study-based formulations do not prevent the disease onset, but moreover increase the chance of a later onset and slow disease progression when it is used with an overall healthy lifestyle.
Description
Medicīna
Medicine
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care
Medicine
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care
Keywords
Ar vecumu saistīta makulas deģenerācija; diēta; papildināšana; uzturs; Vidusjūras diēta, Age-related macular degeneration; diet; supplementation; nutrition; Mediterranean diet