Occupational Hazards to Pregnant Medical Workers
No Thumbnail Available
Date
2022
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte
Rīga Stradiņš University
Rīga Stradiņš University
Abstract
Ievads
Grūtniecības laikā medicīnas darbinieki ir īpaši neaizsargāti no medicīnas profesijas riskiem. Līdz ar to ir nepieciešams izpētīt šos profesionālos riskus, to apmēru un ietekmi uz grūtniecības iznākumu un mātes veselību.
Metodoloģija
Šīs ir literatūras apskats, izmantojot Elsevier medicīnisko meklētājprogrammu ClinicalKey un citas tiešsaistes pētniecības platformas, ko nodrošina Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte, iekļaujot atbilstošus medicīnas rakstus, žurnālus, pētnieciskos darbus un grāmatas, pēc iespējas ierobežojot rezultātus ar 2010.-2022. gadu periodu. Attiecīgie raksti tika atrasti, izmantojot meklēšanas terminus: "grūtniecība", "medicīnas darbinieks", "bīstamība", "arodveselība", "iznākums", "ietekme", "iedarbība", "organiskie šķīdinātāji", "parvovīruss B19", "ķirurģiskie dūmi", "stāvēšana grūtniecības laikā", "celšana grūtniecības laikā", "darbs grūtniecības laikā", "fiziskās aktivitātes grūtniecības laikā", "ilgs darba laiks", "maiņu maiņa", "nakts maiņa", "maiņu darbs", "darba troksnis", "stress", "metilmetakrilāts", "iedzimts", "latents", "a hepatīts", "b hepatīts", "c hepatīts", "d hepatīts", "e hepatīts", "vertikālā transmisija", "ar veselības aprūpi saistīta", "covid-19", "gripa", "tuberkuloze", "hiv", "pēcekspozīcijas profilakse", "glutaraldehīds", "lateks", "ksilols", "aromātiskais amīns", "formaldehīds", "etanola inhalācija", "dzīvsudrabs", "toksicitāte", "slāpekļa oksīds", "etilēnoksīds", "ķīmijterapija", "melamīns", "jonizējošais starojums", "infekcija" un dažādas to kombinācijas.
Rezultāti
Šajā pārskatā tika konstatēts, ka grūtniecēm, kas strādā jebkurā medicīnas jomā, ir daudz darba vides risku, sākot no bīstamām ķīmiskām vielām, piemēram, dzīvsudraba, slāpekļa oksīda un ķīmijterapeitiskiem medikamentiem, beidzot ar nedrošiem darba apstākļiem un darba stundām, vīrusu infekcijām un radiācijas iedarbību. Šādu apdraudējumu iedarbības sekas ir dažādas - no zema dzimšanas svara un maza gestācijas vecuma, iedzimtām anomālijām un priekšlaicīgām dzemdībām līdz pat spontāniem abortiem un mātes mirstībai.
Secinājumi
Lai izvairītos no šo apdraudējumu iedarbības uz māti un augli, ir svarīgi izglītot par darba vides risku iedarbību medicīnā un to sekām, kā arī izmantot atbilstošus aizsardzības līdzekļus pirms grūtniecības un grūtniecības laikā. Grūtniecības laikā var būt nepieciešams mainīt darba vietu, darba laiku un uzdevumus, lai atvieglotu izvairīšanos no apdraudējumiem, no kuriem individuālie aizsardzības līdzekļi var aizsargāt tikai daļēji vai vispār nevar aizsargāt.
Introduction During pregnancy, the medical staff is especially vulnerable to the hazards of the medical profession. Consequentially, there is a necessity to explore these occupational hazards, their extent and their effect on pregnancy outcome and maternal health. Methodology This is a literature review using the medical search engine ClinicalKey by Elsevier and other online research platforms provided by Rīga Stradiņš University including relevant medical articles, journals, research papers and books, limiting results wherever possible to the years of 2010-2022. Those relevant articles were found using the search terms: “pregnancy”, “medical worker”, “hazard”, “occupational health”, “outcome”, “effect”, “exposure”, “organic solvents”, “parvovirus B19”, “surgical smoke”, “standing during pregnancy”, “lifting during pregnancy”, “work during pregnancy”, “physical activity during pregnancy”, “long working hours”, “rotating shift”, “night shift”, “shift work”, “occupational noise”, “stress”, “methyl methacrylate”, “congenital”, “latent”, “hepatitis a”, “hepatitis b”, “hepatitis c”, “hepatitis d”, hepatitis e”, “vertical transmission”, “healthcare-associated”, “covid-19”, “influenza”, “tuberculosis”, “hiv”, “postexposure prophylaxis”, “glutaraldehyde”, “latex”, “xylene”, “aromatic amine”, “formaldehyde”, “ethanol inhalation”, “mercury”, “toxicity”, “nitrous oxide”, “ethylene oxide”, “chemotherapy”, “melamine”, “ionizing radiation”, “infection” and various combinations thereof. Results This review found that there is an abundance of occupational hazards to pregnant workers in any area of work in the medical field ranging from dangerous chemicals like mercury, nitrous oxide, and chemotherapeutic drugs, over precarious working conditions and working hours to viral infections and radiation exposure. Subsequent effects of exposure to such hazards vary between low birth weight and small for gestational age infants, over congenital anomalies, and premature birth, up to spontaneous abortions and maternal mortality. Conclusion Education on the presence and consequence of occupational hazard exposure in the medical field is tantamount, as well as the use of appropriate protective equipment before and during pregnancy to avoid the effects of subjection to these hazards to mother and foetus. During pregnancy, alterations of the workspace, working hours and tasks can be necessary to facilitate evasion of hazards that personal protective equipment can provide only limited or no protection from.
Introduction During pregnancy, the medical staff is especially vulnerable to the hazards of the medical profession. Consequentially, there is a necessity to explore these occupational hazards, their extent and their effect on pregnancy outcome and maternal health. Methodology This is a literature review using the medical search engine ClinicalKey by Elsevier and other online research platforms provided by Rīga Stradiņš University including relevant medical articles, journals, research papers and books, limiting results wherever possible to the years of 2010-2022. Those relevant articles were found using the search terms: “pregnancy”, “medical worker”, “hazard”, “occupational health”, “outcome”, “effect”, “exposure”, “organic solvents”, “parvovirus B19”, “surgical smoke”, “standing during pregnancy”, “lifting during pregnancy”, “work during pregnancy”, “physical activity during pregnancy”, “long working hours”, “rotating shift”, “night shift”, “shift work”, “occupational noise”, “stress”, “methyl methacrylate”, “congenital”, “latent”, “hepatitis a”, “hepatitis b”, “hepatitis c”, “hepatitis d”, hepatitis e”, “vertical transmission”, “healthcare-associated”, “covid-19”, “influenza”, “tuberculosis”, “hiv”, “postexposure prophylaxis”, “glutaraldehyde”, “latex”, “xylene”, “aromatic amine”, “formaldehyde”, “ethanol inhalation”, “mercury”, “toxicity”, “nitrous oxide”, “ethylene oxide”, “chemotherapy”, “melamine”, “ionizing radiation”, “infection” and various combinations thereof. Results This review found that there is an abundance of occupational hazards to pregnant workers in any area of work in the medical field ranging from dangerous chemicals like mercury, nitrous oxide, and chemotherapeutic drugs, over precarious working conditions and working hours to viral infections and radiation exposure. Subsequent effects of exposure to such hazards vary between low birth weight and small for gestational age infants, over congenital anomalies, and premature birth, up to spontaneous abortions and maternal mortality. Conclusion Education on the presence and consequence of occupational hazard exposure in the medical field is tantamount, as well as the use of appropriate protective equipment before and during pregnancy to avoid the effects of subjection to these hazards to mother and foetus. During pregnancy, alterations of the workspace, working hours and tasks can be necessary to facilitate evasion of hazards that personal protective equipment can provide only limited or no protection from.
Description
Medicīna
Medicine
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care
Medicine
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care
Keywords
"grūtniecība", "medicīnas darbinieks", "bīstamība", "arodveselība", "iznākums", "ietekme", "iedarbība", "organiskie šķīdinātāji", "parvovīruss B19", "ķirurģiskie dūmi", "stāvēšana grūtniecības laikā", "celšana grūtniecības laikā", "darbs grūtniecības laikā", "fiziskās aktivitātes grūtniecības laikā", pregnancy”, “medical worker”, “hazard”, “occupational health”, “outcome”, “effect”, “exposure”, “organic solvents”, “parvovirus B19”, “surgical smoke”, “standing during pregnancy”, “lifting during pregnancy”, “work during pregnancy”, “physical activity during pregnancy”, “long working hours”, “rotat