The Effects of Screen-time on Mental Health and Well-being in Children and Adolescents
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Date
2024
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Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte
Rīga Stradiņš University
Rīga Stradiņš University
Abstract
Anotācija
Mūsdienu digitālajā laikmetā jaunieši arvien vairāk iesaistās ekrāna aktivitātēs, radot pieņēmumus par iespējamo ietekmi uz viņu garīgo veselību un vispārējo labklājību. Pastāvīga saskare ar digitālajām ierīcēm, piemēram, viedtālruņiem, planšetdatoriem, personālajiem datoriem un televizoru, var nopietni ietekmēt garīgo veselību un ir saistīta ar dažādām miega un uzvedības problēmām.
Šī literatūras apskata mērķis bija apkopot esošos pētījumus, lai izpētītu saistību starp ekrāna ekspozīciju un garīgās veselības iznākumiem bērnu un pusaudžu vidū. PubMed, Clinical Key un Web of Science (Clarivate) datubāzēs tika sistemātiski meklēti pētījumi, kas publicēti angļu valodā laika posmā no 2013. gada janvāra līdz 2023. gada jūlijam. Kopumā tika analizēti 64 raksti, lai novērtētu teorētiskos un empīriskos pierādījumus par saistību starp ekrāna laiku un (1) garīgo veselību, (2) labklājību, (3) atkarību, (4) miegu un (5) kognitīvo attīstību.
Vidējais kopējais ikdienas ekrāna laiks bērnu un pusaudžu vidū pieaug. Saturs un aktivitātes galvenokārt sastāv no tiešsaistes video skatīšanās un piekļuves sociālajiem medijiem. Pieaugošā pieejamība un izmaiņas sabiedrības gaidās saistībā ar tiešsaistes pieejamību un aktualitāti rada pieaugošu vajadzību pēc pastāvīgas lietotāju iesaistīšanās tiešsaistē.
Kopumā palielināts ekrāna laiks ir saistīts ar negatīviem garīgās veselības iznākumiem, piemēram, trauksmi, depresiju un uzvedības traucējumiem, kā arī pazeminātu pašvērtējumu, sliktāku miega kvalitāti un kvantitāti, samazinātu akadēmisko sniegumu un paaugstinātu priekšlaicīgas kognitīvās funkcijas zuduma risku.
Devas un reakcijas attiecības starp ekrāna laiku un garīgo veselību un labklājību vēl nav pilnībā izprastas, un ir jāturpina pētīt divvirzienu cēloņsakarību. Lai sekmētu sabiedrības izpratni un nodrošinātu labākus ārstēšanas rezultātus, pētījumiem būtu nepieciešami uzlabojumi, plašāka metodoloģija, kas vērstu lielāku uzmanību tieši ilgtermiņa ietekmei uz garīgo veselību no pārmērīgas ekrānu ekspozīcijas.
Abstract In today’s digital age, young people are increasingly immersed in screen-based activities, raising concerns about the potential impact on their mental health and overall well-being. Constant exposure to digital devices like smartphones, tablets, personal computers, and television can severely affect mental health outcomes and is linked to various sleep and behavioral issues. This literature review aimed to summarize existing research to examine the complex relationship between screen-time exposure and mental health outcomes in children and adolescents. PubMed, Clinical Key, and Web of Science (Clarivate) databases were systematically searched for articles published in English between January 2013-July 2023. A total of 64 articles were analyzed to assess theoretical and empirical evidence for the relationships between screen time and (1) mental health, (2) well-being, (3) addiction, (4) sleep, and (5) cognitive development. The average total daily screen time among children and adolescents is rising. Consumed content and activities mainly consist of watching online videos and accessing social media. Growing accessibility and changes in societal expectations around availability and urgency of online interactions lead to an increased need for constant engagement in users. Overall increased screen time is associated with negative mental health outcomes such as anxiety, depression, and behavioral disorders, as well as lowered self-esteem, poorer sleep quality and quantity, decreased academic performance and an increased risk of premature cognitive decline. Dose-response relationships between screen time and mental health and wellbeing are not fully understood yet and bidirectional relationships need to be further investigated. Future research direction should expand methodologies and further explore the long-term effects of excessive screen time on cognition in order to improve targeted interventions and public policy.
Abstract In today’s digital age, young people are increasingly immersed in screen-based activities, raising concerns about the potential impact on their mental health and overall well-being. Constant exposure to digital devices like smartphones, tablets, personal computers, and television can severely affect mental health outcomes and is linked to various sleep and behavioral issues. This literature review aimed to summarize existing research to examine the complex relationship between screen-time exposure and mental health outcomes in children and adolescents. PubMed, Clinical Key, and Web of Science (Clarivate) databases were systematically searched for articles published in English between January 2013-July 2023. A total of 64 articles were analyzed to assess theoretical and empirical evidence for the relationships between screen time and (1) mental health, (2) well-being, (3) addiction, (4) sleep, and (5) cognitive development. The average total daily screen time among children and adolescents is rising. Consumed content and activities mainly consist of watching online videos and accessing social media. Growing accessibility and changes in societal expectations around availability and urgency of online interactions lead to an increased need for constant engagement in users. Overall increased screen time is associated with negative mental health outcomes such as anxiety, depression, and behavioral disorders, as well as lowered self-esteem, poorer sleep quality and quantity, decreased academic performance and an increased risk of premature cognitive decline. Dose-response relationships between screen time and mental health and wellbeing are not fully understood yet and bidirectional relationships need to be further investigated. Future research direction should expand methodologies and further explore the long-term effects of excessive screen time on cognition in order to improve targeted interventions and public policy.
Description
Medicīna
Medicine
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care
Medicine
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care
Keywords
ekrāna laiks, ekrāna ekspozīcija, elektronisko mediju lietošana, viedtālruņa lietošana, datora lietošana, planšetdatora lietošana, garīgā veselība, trauksme, depresija, psiholoģiskā labklājība, miega traucējumi, sociāliemediji, kiberhuligānisms, mediji, kognitiva attistiba, screen-time, screen exposure, electronic media use, smartphone use, computer use, tablet use, mental health, anxiety, depression, stress, psychological well-being, sleep disturbance, social media, cyberbullying, substance abuse, cognitive development, internet addiction