Traheostomas aprūpes procesa izvertējums
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Date
2020
Authors
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Volume Title
Publisher
Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte
Rīga Stradiņš University
Rīga Stradiņš University
Abstract
Traheotomija ir bieža procedūra intensīvās terapijas nodaļā, un medicīnas māsām jāsniedz pienācīga aprūpe traheostomijas pacientiem, lai novērstu komplikācijas, tādas kā traheostomijas nosprostošanās, asiņošanas, balsenes apvidus tūska, fistulu un čūlu veidošanos un citas komplikācijas.
Traheostomas aprūpes mērķiem ir aizsargāt pacienta elpceļus. Traheostomas aprūpei ir svarīgi, lai pacients neinficējās ar nozokomiālām infekcijām, kas intensīvās terapijas nodaļā var būt biežākais iemesls nāvei. Lai izvairītos no infekciju rašanos, māsai ir jāievēro infekcijas kontroles darbības, kā, piemēram, roku dezinfekcija, aizsarglīdzekļu lietošana u.c.
Darba mērķis: Izpētīt aprūpes darbības pacientiem ar traheostomu un māsu zināšanas par traheostomas kopšanu.
Bakalaura darbs sastāv no teorētiskās un pētnieciskās daļas. Teorētiskajā daļā tiek veikta, literatūras un zinātniskās pētījuma apskats par traheostomas aprūpi un publikāciju analīzes. Pētniecības darba mērķa sasniegšanai tika izmantota kvalitatīvā un kvantitatīvā pētniecības metode. Tika izmantoti divi pētījuma instrumenti – novērojuma protokols un anketa. Pirmais instruments bija novērojuma protokols, kas tika izstrādāts pamatojoties uz ITN traheostomas procedūru darbības vadlīnijām un balstoties uz pētījumiem par ‘’ traheostomas aprūpes kontrollapām. Datu analīzei tika atlasītas tikai māsas, kas strādā ITN, un veic traheostomas aprūpi. Kā otrs pētījuma instruments bija anketa. Anketa tika izveidota, balstoties uz pētījumiem par ‘’ māsu zināšanas par traheostomas aprūpi māsu praksē’’.
Laika posmā no 2020. gada 03. februāra līdz 2020. gada 12. maijam tika veikt novērojums X slimnīcas intensīvās terapijas nodaļā un anketas publicēšana elektroniskā vidē un iegūti rezultāti. Pēc izstrādātā novērojuma protokola tika novērotas 6 medicīnas māsas X slimnīcā. Sakarā COVID-19 pētījumam tika izstrādāta papildus elektroniskā anketa, kura tika izvietota internetā mājaslapā www.visidati.lv, kopā anketā piedalījās 129 respondenti.
Pētījuma iegūtie rezultāti par novērojuma protokolu liecina, ka māsu darbības traheostomas kopšanā ir optimālas, bet māsas nepielieto aizsargbrilles, veicot traheostomas aprūpi.
Pētījuma anketas rezultāti pierādīja, ka tikai pusei respondentu bija zināšanas par traheostomas aprūpi, tāpēc šis pētījums var likt domāt par to, ka vajag uzlabot māsu zināšanas par traheostomas aprūpi studentu vidū un slimnīcas vidū, kas ikdienā strādā ar šādiem pacientiem.
Atslēgu vārdi: traheostoma, traheostomas aprūpe, pacientu aprūpe, traheostomas aprūpe intensīvās terapijas nodaļā, traheostomas aprūpes kontrollapas, māsu zināšanas traheostomas aprūpē.
Abstract Tracheostomy is common procedure in the intensive care unit, and nurses should provide adequate care to tracheostomy patients to avoid complications, such as tracheostomy blockage, bleeding, laryngeal oedema, fistula and ulceration formation and other complications. The purpose of tracheostoma care is to protect the patient’s airways. For tracheostoma care, it is important that the patient does not infect with nosocomial infections, which may be the most frequent cause of death in the intensive care unit. To avoid infections, the nurse follows infection control activities such as hand disinfection, use of protective equipment, etc. Purpose of work: To explore care activities patients with tracheostoma and nurse’s knowledge of tracheostoma care. The work of the bachelor shall consist of a theoretical and research part. In the theoretical part, provides a review of literature and scientific research on tracheostomy care and analysis of publications. The qualitative and quantitative research method was used to achieve the objective of research work. Two research instruments were used – an observation protocol and a questionnaire. The first instrument was an observation protocol, which was developed based on the operational guidelines for ITN tracheostoma procedures and based on research on ‘’tracheostomy care checklists’’. For data analysis, selected only nurses working who is working in ITN and are taking tracheostomy care. The second research instrument was a questionnaire. The questionnaire was developed based on research on ‘’nursing knowledge of tracheostomy care in nursing practice.’’ During the period from 09 February 2020 to 12 May 2020, an observation was made at the X hospital intensive care unit and publication of the questionnaire in an electronic environment. According to the developed observation protocol, 6 nurses were observed in X hospital. In the context of COVID – 19 study an additional electronic questionnaire was developed and posted on the website www.visidati.lv, a total of 129 respondents participating in the questionnaire. The results of study on the observation protocol show that nurses’ activities in the care of tracheostomy are optimal, but nurses do not use goggles when performing tracheostoma care. The result of the study questionnaire showed that only half of the respondents had knowledge of tracheostoma care, so this study may be meant suggest that there is a need to improve the knowledge of nurses on tracheostoma care among students and among hospitals experiencing who works daily with such patients. Key words: tracheostomy, tracheostomy care, patient care, tracheostomy care in the intensive units, tracheostomy checklist, nursing knowledge in tracheostomy care.
Abstract Tracheostomy is common procedure in the intensive care unit, and nurses should provide adequate care to tracheostomy patients to avoid complications, such as tracheostomy blockage, bleeding, laryngeal oedema, fistula and ulceration formation and other complications. The purpose of tracheostoma care is to protect the patient’s airways. For tracheostoma care, it is important that the patient does not infect with nosocomial infections, which may be the most frequent cause of death in the intensive care unit. To avoid infections, the nurse follows infection control activities such as hand disinfection, use of protective equipment, etc. Purpose of work: To explore care activities patients with tracheostoma and nurse’s knowledge of tracheostoma care. The work of the bachelor shall consist of a theoretical and research part. In the theoretical part, provides a review of literature and scientific research on tracheostomy care and analysis of publications. The qualitative and quantitative research method was used to achieve the objective of research work. Two research instruments were used – an observation protocol and a questionnaire. The first instrument was an observation protocol, which was developed based on the operational guidelines for ITN tracheostoma procedures and based on research on ‘’tracheostomy care checklists’’. For data analysis, selected only nurses working who is working in ITN and are taking tracheostomy care. The second research instrument was a questionnaire. The questionnaire was developed based on research on ‘’nursing knowledge of tracheostomy care in nursing practice.’’ During the period from 09 February 2020 to 12 May 2020, an observation was made at the X hospital intensive care unit and publication of the questionnaire in an electronic environment. According to the developed observation protocol, 6 nurses were observed in X hospital. In the context of COVID – 19 study an additional electronic questionnaire was developed and posted on the website www.visidati.lv, a total of 129 respondents participating in the questionnaire. The results of study on the observation protocol show that nurses’ activities in the care of tracheostomy are optimal, but nurses do not use goggles when performing tracheostoma care. The result of the study questionnaire showed that only half of the respondents had knowledge of tracheostoma care, so this study may be meant suggest that there is a need to improve the knowledge of nurses on tracheostoma care among students and among hospitals experiencing who works daily with such patients. Key words: tracheostomy, tracheostomy care, patient care, tracheostomy care in the intensive units, tracheostomy checklist, nursing knowledge in tracheostomy care.
Description
Māszinības (ar spec. Anestēzijas, intensīvās un neatliekamās aprūpes)
Nursing Studies
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care
Nursing Studies
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care
Keywords
Atslēgu vārdi: traheostoma, traheostomas aprūpe, pacientu aprūpe, traheostomas aprūpe intensīvās terapijas nodaļā, traheostomas aprūpes kontrollapas, māsu zināšanas traheostomas aprūpē., Key words: tracheostomy, tracheostomy care, patient care, tracheostomy care in the intensive units, tracheostomy checklist, nursing knowledge in tracheostomy care.