Evaluating Trends in Cardiorespiratory Fitness Among Physiotherapy Students: A 15-Year Cross-Sectional Study (2007-2023)

Abstract

Background. Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is a key health indicator, particularly for physiotherapy students who are expected to model healthy behaviors. Objectives. The objective of the study was to analyze CRF trends among physiotherapy students over the period from 2007 to 2023 and to assess variations in maximal oxygen uptake (VO 2max) across gender and body mass index (BMI) categories. Materials and Methods. Secondary data from 2007–2009 and 2010–2012 were compared with primary data collected in 2022–2023. CRF was measured using a submaximal Monark Ergomedic 839E cycle ergometer test in 242 students (aged 18–25 years). Statistical analyses included t-tests, ANOVA, and non-parametric tests (p < 0.05). The Kruskal-Wallis test was used for between-group comparisons and Spearman’s correlation — to assess trends over time. Results. Over half of male (52%) and female (63%) participants had CRF levels below the reference values. Female students showed a significant VO 2max decline in 2022–2023 compared to 2007–2009 (mean difference = 1.78 ml/min/kg, p < 0.05), while no trend was observed in males. Students with BMI > 25 kg/m² had significantly lower VO 2max than those with BMI ≤ 25 kg/m² (p < 0.05). Conclusions. These findings highlight the need for targeted fitness programs for female students and those with elevated BMI. Future research should explore lifestyle factors and intervention strategies to improve CRF in students. This study provides foundational data for future research on the relationship between CRF, clinical skills, and patient satisfaction among physiotherapy students.