Grūtnieču un jauno māmiņu informētība un attieksme pret Covid 19 un Gripas vakcināciju.
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Date
2022
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Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte
Rīga Stradiņš University
Rīga Stradiņš University
Abstract
Latvijā vienmēr bijis aktuāls jautājums par grūtnieču vakcināciju. Pēdējo pāris gadu laikā gripas infekcijai pievienojusies ne mazāk infekciozā Covid-19 infekcija. Šīs infekcijas grūtniecības laikā palielina grūtnieču hospitalizācijas risku un atrašanos intensīvās terapijas nodaļā. Gripa un Covid-19 infekcija grūtniecības laikā saistīta ar tādiem nelabvēlīgiem grūtniecības un jaundzimušo iznākumiem kā spontāno abortu, priekšlaicīgām dzemdībām, kā arī mātes un jaundzimušā nāves risku. Lai pasargātu grūtnieci un jaundzimušo no smagas saslimšanas ar šim infekcijām, tiek rekomendēts grūtniecēm vakcinēties ar gripas un Covid-19 mRNS vakcīnām.
Pētījuma mērķis ir noskaidrot iemeslus, kas veido pozitīvu un negatīvu attieksmi pret vakcināciju grūtnieču un jauno māmiņu vidū Latvijā.
Lai sasniegtu pētījuma mērķi, tika izmantotas kvantitatīvs, ne eksperimentāls pētījums, izmantojot autores izveidotu aptauju. Pētījuma dalībnieces bija grūtnieces un jaunās māmiņas, kuras antenatālo aprūpi saņem Latvijā. Respondenti tika atlasīti, izmantojot pieejamības jeb ērtuma izlases veidu. Kopumā tika aptaujātas 111 grūtnieces un 177 jaunās māmiņas.
Pētījuma rezultāti parāda, ka interneta resursos atrodamie raksti un pētījumi par vakcināciju pret gripu un Covid-19 infekciju pozitīvi ietekmē vakcinācijas izvēli grūtnieču un jauno māmiņu vidū Latvijā. Tāpat pozitīvu attieksmi rada gan ārstējošo ginekologu, gan ģimenes locekļu ieteikumi un atbalsts. Savukārt no vakcinācijas grūtniecības laikā attur viedokļu atšķirības ārstniecības personālu vidū un bailes par vakcinācijas ietekmi uz augli.
Pētījuma laikā tika secināts, ka pastāv statistiski nozīmīga asociācija starp attieksmi pret vispārējo valsts kalendāra vakcināciju un vakcinācijas izvēli ar gripas un Covid-19 mRNS vakcīnu grūtniecības un zīdīšanas periodā. Kā arī attieksme pret vakcināciju grūtniecības laikā ietekmē izvēli vakcinēties pret gripu un Covid-19 infekciju grūtniecības un zīdīšanas laikā.
Aptaujas laikā tika konstatēts, ka Latvijā ne vienmēr ģimenes ārsti un ginekologi iesaka grūtniecēm vakcināciju pret gripu un Covid-19 infekciju grūtniecības laikā.
Lai veicinātu grūtnieču vakcināciju Latvijā, nepieciešams izvērtēt vakcinācijas veicināšanas metodes. Latvijas ģimenes ārstiem un ginekologiem ir regulāri jāsaņem jaunākā informācija no vadlīnijām un pētījumiem, lai varētu pilnvērtīgi sniegt informāciju grūtniecēm par vakcinācijas drošumu un ieguvumiem. Jāpievērš pastiprināta uzmanība dezinformācijas izplatībai ārstniecības personāla vidū, kā arī jānodrošina viegli pieejama informācija par vakcināciju grūtniecēm ambulatorajās iestādēs.
Pētnieciskajā darbā ir astoņi attēli, trīs tabulas, izmantoti 30 literatūras avoti. Darba apjoms bez pielikumiem ir 25 lapaspuses, pielikumi sešas lapaspuses.
Vaccination of pregnant women has always been a topical issue in Latvia. In the last couple of years, influenza has been joined by Covid-19 infection, the latter being at least as infectious as the former. These infections increase the risk of hospitalising pregnant women and their presence in the intensive treatment unit during pregnancy. The influenza and Covid-19 infection during pregnancy are associated with such adverse outcomes of pregnancy and newborns as spontaneous abortion, premature birth, and the risk of maternal and neonatal deaths. In order to protect a pregnant woman and a newborn from severe infections, it is recommended that pregnant women receive influenza and Covid-19 mRNS vaccines. The aim of the study was to clarify the reasons for positive and negative attitude towards vaccination among pregnant women and new mothers in Latvia. In order to achieve the aim of the research paper, a quantitative, not experimental study was conducted, i.e., a survey created by the author. The study participants were pregnant women and new mothers whose antenatal care is received in Latvia. Respondents were selected using a accessibility (convenience) sampling. A total of 111 pregnant women and 177 new mothers were surveyed. The results of the study show that articles and studies on influenza and Covid-19 vaccination found on the Internet sources have a positive impact regarding the choice to get the Covid-19 vaccination among pregnant women and new mothers in Latvia. The advice and support provided by both attending gynecologists and family members are also sources of positive attitude towards the issue. Simultaneously, women are deterred from vaccination during pregnancy due to differring opinions among medical practitioners and fears about the effects of vaccination on the foetus. The study concluded there is a statistically significant correlation between the attitude towards the general national calendar vaccination and the decision to get an influenza and Covid-19 mRNS vaccine during pregnancy and lactation period. Also, the opinions established during pregnancy on vaccination influence the decision in regard to getting the influenza and Covid-19 vaccine during the pregnancy and lactation period. According to the survey, family practioners and gynecologists in Latvia did not necessarily recommend getting the influenza and Covid-19 vaccine during pregnancy. In order to promote that pregnant women in Latvia receive the vaccines, it is necessary to evaluate the methods of promoting vaccination. Latvian family practitioners and gynecologists should regularly receive the up to date information from guidelines and studies in order to be able to provide full information to pregnant women about the safety and benefits of vaccination. Greater attention should be paid to the spread of disinformation among medical personnel. Additionally, easily available information on vaccination in outpatient settings for pregnant women should be provided. The res
Vaccination of pregnant women has always been a topical issue in Latvia. In the last couple of years, influenza has been joined by Covid-19 infection, the latter being at least as infectious as the former. These infections increase the risk of hospitalising pregnant women and their presence in the intensive treatment unit during pregnancy. The influenza and Covid-19 infection during pregnancy are associated with such adverse outcomes of pregnancy and newborns as spontaneous abortion, premature birth, and the risk of maternal and neonatal deaths. In order to protect a pregnant woman and a newborn from severe infections, it is recommended that pregnant women receive influenza and Covid-19 mRNS vaccines. The aim of the study was to clarify the reasons for positive and negative attitude towards vaccination among pregnant women and new mothers in Latvia. In order to achieve the aim of the research paper, a quantitative, not experimental study was conducted, i.e., a survey created by the author. The study participants were pregnant women and new mothers whose antenatal care is received in Latvia. Respondents were selected using a accessibility (convenience) sampling. A total of 111 pregnant women and 177 new mothers were surveyed. The results of the study show that articles and studies on influenza and Covid-19 vaccination found on the Internet sources have a positive impact regarding the choice to get the Covid-19 vaccination among pregnant women and new mothers in Latvia. The advice and support provided by both attending gynecologists and family members are also sources of positive attitude towards the issue. Simultaneously, women are deterred from vaccination during pregnancy due to differring opinions among medical practitioners and fears about the effects of vaccination on the foetus. The study concluded there is a statistically significant correlation between the attitude towards the general national calendar vaccination and the decision to get an influenza and Covid-19 mRNS vaccine during pregnancy and lactation period. Also, the opinions established during pregnancy on vaccination influence the decision in regard to getting the influenza and Covid-19 vaccine during the pregnancy and lactation period. According to the survey, family practioners and gynecologists in Latvia did not necessarily recommend getting the influenza and Covid-19 vaccine during pregnancy. In order to promote that pregnant women in Latvia receive the vaccines, it is necessary to evaluate the methods of promoting vaccination. Latvian family practitioners and gynecologists should regularly receive the up to date information from guidelines and studies in order to be able to provide full information to pregnant women about the safety and benefits of vaccination. Greater attention should be paid to the spread of disinformation among medical personnel. Additionally, easily available information on vaccination in outpatient settings for pregnant women should be provided. The res
Description
Medicīna
Medicine
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care
Medicine
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care
Keywords
grūtnieču vakcinācija, gripa, Covid-19 infekcija., vaccination of pregnant women, influenza, Covid-19 infection.