Human Leukocyte Antigen Polymorphism and Blood Biomarker Profiles in Parkinson’s Disease : A Pilot Study in a Latvian Cohort

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dc.contributor.authorMinibajeva, Olga
dc.contributor.authorKarelis, Guntis
dc.contributor.authorZolovs, Maksims
dc.contributor.authorĶēniņa, Viktorija
dc.contributor.institutionDepartment of Doctoral Studies
dc.contributor.institutionDepartment of Infectology
dc.contributor.institutionDepartment of Neurology and Neurosurgery
dc.contributor.institutionStatistics Unit
dc.contributor.institutionDepartment of Biology and Microbiology
dc.contributor.institutionInstitute of Oncology and Molecular Genetics
dc.date.accessioned2024-12-27T13:40:01Z
dc.date.available2024-12-27T13:40:01Z
dc.date.issued2024-12
dc.descriptionPublisher Copyright: © 2024 by the authors.
dc.description.abstractBackground: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterised by a high prevalence of sporadic cases. Various molecular mechanisms are involved in its pathogenesis. This pilot study aimed to identify potential risk and protective human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles in PD, discover candidate alleles for further research, and evaluate potential blood biomarkers. Methods: A total of 43 PD patients and 79 unrelated sex-matched controls were enrolled in this study. We analysed the polymorphism of HLA-DRB1, HLA-DQA1, and HLA-DQB1 alleles and the blood levels of biomarkers such as S100 calcium-binding protein A9 (S1000A9), kynurenic acid (KYNA), neurofilament light chain (NfL), and glutamate decarboxylase (GAD1). Results: We found that the frequencies of the HLA-DRB1*04, -DQA1*02:01, and -DQA1*03:01 alleles were significantly higher in the PD patients than in the controls, suggesting that these alleles are potential risk factors. Furthermore, the HLA-DQA1*02:01 allele was detected more frequently in the PD group when the disease onset was at 60 years or older. On the contrary, the HLA-DRB1*01 and HLA-DQA1*05:01 alleles were less common in the PD patients, indicating a possible protective effect. Regarding biomarkers, the blood levels of S100 calcium-binding protein A9 were significantly higher, and the kynurenic acid levels were significantly lower in the PD group. The NfL levels were also higher in the PD group but did not reach statistical significance, possibly due to the sensitivity limitations of the ELISA method used. The GAD1 levels showed no significant differences between the two groups. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that the HLA-DRB1*01 and -DRB1*04 alleles and the HLA-DQA1*02:01, -DQA1*03:01, and -DQA1*05:01 alleles are associated with PD. Moreover, S100 calcium-binding protein A9 and kynurenic acid can be considered potential blood biomarkers for PD. These findings contribute to the growing body of knowledge on PD and offer new directions for further research in Latvian cohorts.en
dc.description.statusPeer reviewed
dc.format.extent11
dc.format.extent468564
dc.identifier.citationMinibajeva, O, Karelis, G, Zolovs, M & Ķēniņa, V 2024, 'Human Leukocyte Antigen Polymorphism and Blood Biomarker Profiles in Parkinson’s Disease : A Pilot Study in a Latvian Cohort', Biomedicines, vol. 12, no. 12, 2709. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12122709
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/biomedicines12122709
dc.identifier.issn2227-9059
dc.identifier.otherMendeley: bd4422b3-86ea-3781-a73e-ff2a15e5adbc
dc.identifier.urihttps://dspace.rsu.lv/jspui/handle/123456789/16985
dc.identifier.urlhttp://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85213237695&partnerID=8YFLogxK
dc.language.isoeng
dc.relation.ispartofBiomedicines
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subjectParkinson’s disease
dc.subjectHLA
dc.subjectneurofilament light chain
dc.subjectS100 calcium-binding protein A9
dc.subjectkynurenic acid;
dc.subjectglutamate decarboxylase (GAD1)
dc.subject3.2 Clinical medicine
dc.subject3.1 Basic medicine
dc.subject1.1. Scientific article indexed in Web of Science and/or Scopus database
dc.subjectSDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being
dc.titleHuman Leukocyte Antigen Polymorphism and Blood Biomarker Profiles in Parkinson’s Disease : A Pilot Study in a Latvian Cohorten
dc.type/dk/atira/pure/researchoutput/researchoutputtypes/contributiontojournal/article

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