The Impact of Nutrition on Cardiovascular Disease Development
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Date
2021
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Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte
Rīga Stradiņš University
Rīga Stradiņš University
Abstract
IEVADS: Sirds – asinsvadu slimības ir vadošais nāves cēlonis Rietumu pasaulē un tās sastāda 30% no visiem nāves cēloņiem. Ir pieejami daudzi pētījumi, kuri pierāda, ka veselīgs uzturs un dzīvesveids var efektīvi samazināt sirds-asinsvadu slimību risku. Pieaugošās kardiovaskulāru slimību incidences dēļ, šo slimību profilakse ir kļuvusi par sabiedrības veselības prioritāti. Ir izpētīts, ka tipiska Rietumu diēta izraisa palielinātu proiekaisuma citokīnu veidošanos salīdzinot ar Vidusjūras diētu vai DASH diētu Šie proiekaisuma citokīni ir saistīti ar samazinātu pretiekaisuma citokīnu sintēzi, tādējādi palielinot sirds-asinsvadu slimību risku. Veiksmīgāka šo slimību profilakse var tikt sasniegta, apvienojot uzturā dažādas uzturvielas nekā tikai vienu. Šī pētnieciskā darba uzdevums ir identificēt uzturvielas, pārtikas produktus un diētas, kuras var izmantot sirds-asinsvadu slimību profilaksē un kuras sekmē kardiovaskulāru slimību ārstēšanu salīdzinot ar kontroles grupu. Tādēļ šī pētījuma mērķis ir izpētīt mehānismus, kuri veicina kardioprotektīvu efektu.
MĒRĶIS: Darba mērķis ir dažādu pārtikas produktu kardioprotektīvu uzturvielu un bioloģiski aktīvo savienojumu analītisks apskats, kā arī ieskats sirds-asinsvadu slimību attīstībā.
METODOLOĢIJA: Šis pētījums ir literatūras apskats, darbā tika izmantotas dažādu pasaules valstu grāmatas, publikācijas internetā un medicīniskajā presē. Galvenais informācijas avots bija PubMed - pasaules medicīnas citējamo žurnālu datubāze. Šie avoti tika salīdzināti ar Latvijas, Vācijas, Savienoto Valstu un Apvienotās Karalistes medicīnas datubāzēs pieejamiem materiālies.
GALVENIE REZULTĀTI: Ir pierādīts, ka noteiktām uzturvielām ir kardioprotektīvs efekts un ka tās inhibē proiekaisuma citokīnu veidošanos, tādējādi samazinot iekaisumu. Uzturlīdzekļiem kā olīveļļa ir vairāki labvēlīgi efekti, tādi kā iekaisuma marķieru C-reaktīvā olbaltuma un interleikīnu sintēzes inhibīcija. Bioloģiski aktīvās vielas kā Omega-3 taukskābe ietekmē sirds – asinsvadu sistēmu, samazinot triglicerīdu līmeni asinīs. Polifenoli labvēlīgi ietekmē sirds-asinsvadu sistēmu, samazinot ķermeņa taukaudus, ķermeņa masas indeksu un izraisa vazodilatāciju, tādēļ tiem ir nozīmīga loma kardiovaskurālu slimību attīstības profilaksē.
SECINĀJUMI: DASH un Vidusjūras diēta, kuru sastāvā ir olīveļļa, dažādi augļi un dārzeņi, un tādas bioloģiski aktīvās vielas kā Omega-3 taukskābe un likopēns, būtiski samazina kardiovaskulāru slimību attīstības risku. Ir pieejami vairāki pētījumi, kuros secināts, ka uzturs var mazināt proiekaisuma citokīnu kā C-reaktīvā olbaltuma un interleikīnu daudzumu asinīs, samazinot iekaisumu un oksidatīvu stresu, tādējādi tiem ir kardioprotektīvs efekts.
BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in all western countries and they represent about 30% of all deaths around the world. There are many studies which proof that a healthy diet and lifestyle can effectively reduce the risk of CVD. Due to the rising incidence of CVD it has become a public health priority, which means that especially the prevention is important and can be achieved by lifestyle modifications. There is evidence that the typical western dietary pattern is leading to an excessive production of pro-inflammatory cytokines compared to healthier dietary patterns as the Mediterranean diet or DASH diet. These pro-inflammatory cytokines are associated with a reduced synthesis of anti-inflammatory cytokines and therefore are rising the risk for the development of cardiovascular disease. The best prevention can be achieved by combining different nutrients rather than one single nutrient. This thesis aims to identify these potential targets which can be foods patterns, single foods or specific nutrients which can be used in order to prevent CVD and shows definite improvement of CVD or definite prevention if compared to control. Furthermore, it is about analyzing the underlying mechanisms which are responsible for the cardioprotective effect in particular. AIM: The aim of this thesis is to give an analytical overview about different cardioprotective nutrients and bioactive compounds which are contained in edibles and to give an insight about the development of CVD. METHODOLOGY: This study is a literature review and therefore different relevant medical journals, articles, research papers and books from different countries were used. The main source of articles was PubMed registry. Moreover, these sources were then compared to commonly used medical databases in Latvia, Germany, the United States and United Kingdom. KEY RESULTS: There is scientific evidence that certain nutrients have a cardioprotective effect and it is shown that they inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory markers and therefore also reduce inflammation. Edibles, especially olive oil has many beneficial effects as the inhibition of production of the inflammatory marker CRP and different Interleukins. Bioactive compounds as Omega-3-fatty acids show a great impact on the cardiovascular system by decreasing the triglyceride levels in the blood. Polyphenols contribute a positive effect on the cardiovascular system by reducing body fat, body-mass-index and by vasodilation and therefore play an important role in the prophylaxis of CVD development. CONCLUSIONS: The DASH diet and Mediterranean diet which are containing nutrients as olive oil, many fruits and vegetables and bioactive compounds as Omega-3-fatty acids or lycopene are significantly reducing the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. There are several studies which found out, that nutrition can actively inhibit pro-inflammatory factors as CRP and Interleukins.
BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in all western countries and they represent about 30% of all deaths around the world. There are many studies which proof that a healthy diet and lifestyle can effectively reduce the risk of CVD. Due to the rising incidence of CVD it has become a public health priority, which means that especially the prevention is important and can be achieved by lifestyle modifications. There is evidence that the typical western dietary pattern is leading to an excessive production of pro-inflammatory cytokines compared to healthier dietary patterns as the Mediterranean diet or DASH diet. These pro-inflammatory cytokines are associated with a reduced synthesis of anti-inflammatory cytokines and therefore are rising the risk for the development of cardiovascular disease. The best prevention can be achieved by combining different nutrients rather than one single nutrient. This thesis aims to identify these potential targets which can be foods patterns, single foods or specific nutrients which can be used in order to prevent CVD and shows definite improvement of CVD or definite prevention if compared to control. Furthermore, it is about analyzing the underlying mechanisms which are responsible for the cardioprotective effect in particular. AIM: The aim of this thesis is to give an analytical overview about different cardioprotective nutrients and bioactive compounds which are contained in edibles and to give an insight about the development of CVD. METHODOLOGY: This study is a literature review and therefore different relevant medical journals, articles, research papers and books from different countries were used. The main source of articles was PubMed registry. Moreover, these sources were then compared to commonly used medical databases in Latvia, Germany, the United States and United Kingdom. KEY RESULTS: There is scientific evidence that certain nutrients have a cardioprotective effect and it is shown that they inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory markers and therefore also reduce inflammation. Edibles, especially olive oil has many beneficial effects as the inhibition of production of the inflammatory marker CRP and different Interleukins. Bioactive compounds as Omega-3-fatty acids show a great impact on the cardiovascular system by decreasing the triglyceride levels in the blood. Polyphenols contribute a positive effect on the cardiovascular system by reducing body fat, body-mass-index and by vasodilation and therefore play an important role in the prophylaxis of CVD development. CONCLUSIONS: The DASH diet and Mediterranean diet which are containing nutrients as olive oil, many fruits and vegetables and bioactive compounds as Omega-3-fatty acids or lycopene are significantly reducing the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. There are several studies which found out, that nutrition can actively inhibit pro-inflammatory factors as CRP and Interleukins.
Description
Medicīna
Medicine
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care
Medicine
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care
Keywords
kardiovaskulārā sistēma, Uzturvielas un sirds un asinsvadu veselība, Ateroskleroze, Vidusjūras diēta, DASH diēta, Likopēns, Omega-3-taukskābe, Polifenoli, Šķiedra, Oksidatīvais stress un sirds un asinsvadu sistēma, Cardiovascular system, Nutrients and Cardiovascular health, Atherosclerosis, Mediterranean Diet, DASH diet, Lycopene, Omega-3-fatty acids, Polyphenols, Fibre, Oxidative Stress and the Cardiovascular system