Hospitālās slimības – neatrisināta problēma veselības aprūpes iestādēs
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Date
2024
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Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte
Rīga Stradiņš University
Rīga Stradiņš University
Abstract
Slimnīcās iegūtās infekcijas rada ievērojamas problēmas veselības aprūpes sistēmām visā pasaulē, izraisot pieaugošu saslimstību, mirstību un veselības aprūpes izmaksas. Šī pētījuma mērķis bija novērtēt veselības aprūpes speciālistu zināšanas un informētību par slimnīcās iegūtajām infekcijām, koncentrējoties uz sastopamību, komplikācijām un izraisītājiem.
Veselības aprūpes speciālistu vidū tika veikta aptauja, lai novērtētu viņu izpratni par slimnīcās iegūto infekciju epidemioloģiju un saistītajiem faktoriem. Respondentiem tika uzdoti vispārīgi jautājumi par slimnīcās iegūto infekciju izplatību un specifiski jautājumi par intensīvajā terapijā uzņemšanas biežumu ar slimnīcu iegūto infekciju saistītu komplikāciju dēļ. Turklāt respondenti tika aptaujāti par biežākajiem nozokomiālo infekciju izraisītājiem, tostarp pneimoniju, urīnceļu katetru, centrālo katetru izraisītām infekcijām un ķirurģiskām brūču infekcijām.
Aptaujas rezultāti atklāja dažādus respondentu informētības līmeņus par nozokomiālo infekciju sastopamību attīstītajās valstīs, dažos gadījumos izplatību novērtējot par augstu vai par zemu. Tāpat bija nekonsekventas respondentu zināšanas par to pacientu procentuālo daļu, kuriem ar slimnīcās iegūto infekciju saistītu komplikāciju dēļ bija nepieciešama stacionēšana intensīvajā terapijas nodaļā. Lai gan daži patogēni, piemēram, Staphylococcus aureus un Pseudomonas aeruginosa, tika plaši atpazīti, retāk sastopamo izraisītāju identificēšanā bija atšķirības, īpaši studentu un medmāsu vidū.
Šie atklājumi uzsver nepārtrauktas izglītības un kvalitātes uzlabošanas iniciatīvu nozīmi, lai uzlabotu veselības aprūpes speciālistu informētību un izpratni par nozokomiālajām infekcijām. Slimnīcā iegūto infekciju saistīto problēmu risināšanai nepieciešama daudzpusīga pieeja, tostarp standartizētas izglītības un apmācības programmas, uz pierādījumiem balstītas prakses īstenošana un starpdisciplināra sadarbība. Virzoties uz priekšu, centieni būtu jāvirza uz mērķtiecīgu izglītojošu pasākumu izstrādi un sadarbības veicināšanu, lai mazinātu nozokomiālo infekciju slogu uz pacientu atveseļošanās rezultātiem un veselības aprūpes sistēmām.
Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) pose significant challenges to healthcare systems worldwide, leading to increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. This research aimed to assess healthcare professionals' knowledge and awareness of HAIs, focusing on the incidence, complications, and causative agents. A survey was conducted among healthcare professionals to evaluate their understanding of HAI epidemiology and associated factors. Respondents were asked general questions about the prevalence of HAIs and specific inquiries regarding the frequency of ICU admissions due to HAI-related complications. Additionally, respondents were questioned about the most common causative agents of nosocomial infections, including pneumonia, urinary catheter-associated infections, and surgical wound infections. The survey results revealed varying levels of awareness among respondents regarding the incidence of HAIs in developed countries, with some overestimating or underestimating the prevalence. Similarly, there was inconsistency in respondents' knowledge of the percentage of patients requiring ICU admission due to HAI-related complications. While certain pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were widely recognized, there were discrepancies in identifying less common causative agents, particularly among students and nurses. These findings underscore the importance of continuous education and quality improvement initiatives to enhance awareness and understanding of HAIs among healthcare professionals. Addressing the challenges associated with HAIs requires a multifaceted approach, including standardized education and training programs, implementation of evidence-based practices, and interdisciplinary collaboration. Moving forward, efforts should be directed towards developing targeted educational interventions and fostering collaboration to mitigate the burden of HAIs on patient outcomes and healthcare systems.
Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) pose significant challenges to healthcare systems worldwide, leading to increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. This research aimed to assess healthcare professionals' knowledge and awareness of HAIs, focusing on the incidence, complications, and causative agents. A survey was conducted among healthcare professionals to evaluate their understanding of HAI epidemiology and associated factors. Respondents were asked general questions about the prevalence of HAIs and specific inquiries regarding the frequency of ICU admissions due to HAI-related complications. Additionally, respondents were questioned about the most common causative agents of nosocomial infections, including pneumonia, urinary catheter-associated infections, and surgical wound infections. The survey results revealed varying levels of awareness among respondents regarding the incidence of HAIs in developed countries, with some overestimating or underestimating the prevalence. Similarly, there was inconsistency in respondents' knowledge of the percentage of patients requiring ICU admission due to HAI-related complications. While certain pathogens such as Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were widely recognized, there were discrepancies in identifying less common causative agents, particularly among students and nurses. These findings underscore the importance of continuous education and quality improvement initiatives to enhance awareness and understanding of HAIs among healthcare professionals. Addressing the challenges associated with HAIs requires a multifaceted approach, including standardized education and training programs, implementation of evidence-based practices, and interdisciplinary collaboration. Moving forward, efforts should be directed towards developing targeted educational interventions and fostering collaboration to mitigate the burden of HAIs on patient outcomes and healthcare systems.
Description
Medicīna
Medicine
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care
Medicine
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care
Keywords
Slimnīcās iegūtās infekcijas, nozokomiāla pneimonija, urīnceļu infekcijas (UCI), ķirurģisko brūču infekcijas, Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs), nosocomial pneumonia, urinary tract infection (UTI), surgical site infection (SSI)