Morāles aspekts attiecībā uz autonomajām ieroču sistēmām ANO Drošības Padomes diskusiju ietvaros (2020.g.-2022.g.)
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Date
2022
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Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte
Rīga Stradiņš University
Rīga Stradiņš University
Abstract
Bakalaura darba tēma ir “Morāles aspekts attiecībā uz autonomajiem ieročiem ANO Drošības Padomes diskusiju ietvaros (2020.g.-2022.g.)”.
Autonomās ieroču sistēmas jeb slepkavas roboti no zinātniskajām fantastikas filmām ir kļuvuši par realitāti. Valstis kā Krievija, Izraēla un ASV iegulda milzīgus līdzekļus šo ieroču attīstībai. Nepieciešama rīcība, lai apturētu šo ieroču izplatību, kamēr nav radīti reāli draudi sabiedrībai. ANO kopā ar citām organizācijām aicina valstis atbalstīt autonomo ieroču sistēmu regulējumu un aizliegumu, lai netiktu pārkāpti starptautiskās humanitārās, juridiskās tiesības un cilvēktiesības.
Darba hipotēze ir: ANO Drošības padomes diskusijās par autonomo ieroču sistēmu aizliegumu morālo argumentāciju vairāk izmanto demokrātiskas valstis. Lai pārbaudītu izvirzīto hipotēzi, darbā tika aprakstītas ANO Drošības padomes dalībvalstu pozīcijas par autonomajiem ieročiem un to aizliegumu, kā arī analizēta valstu izmantotā morālā argumentācija.
Darba pirmā nodaļa ietver teorētisko ietvaru, kas balstīts republikāniskā liberālisma teorijā. Teorijas galvenā pamatdoma ir, ka demokrātiskas valstis savā starpā nekaro. Darba otrā nodaļa ietver ieskatu autonomo ieroču sistēmu attīstībā, aprakstot arī autonomijas pakāpes, kā arī ieskatu par ieroču izplatību, aprakstot valstis, kuras izstrādā ieroču sistēmas, kā arī konflikti, kuros šie ieroči ir tikuši izmantoti. Darba trešajā nodaļā tiek aprakstīti ar aizliegumu veiktie pasākumi ANO un citu organizāciju ietvaros. Darba ceturtā nodaļa iekļauj ANO Drošības padomes dalībvalstu nostājas un morāles aspektu argumentācijā par aizliegumu.
Darbā tika secināts, ka morālo argumentāciju vairāk izmanto demokrātiskas valstis, kas apstiprina arī darbā izvēlēto teoriju – republikānisko liberālismu, kuras pamatā ir uzskats, ka demokrātiskas valstis savā starpā nekaro. Autonomajām ieroču sistēmām ir daudz nepārdomātas problēmas, kas var radīt nopietnus draudus nākotnē, ja tās sāks izmantot militārajiem ieguvumiem.
Autonomous weapon systems, or killer robots, have become a reality from science fiction movies. Countries like Russia, Israel and the United States are investing a lot of money in the development of these weapons. Action is needed to stop the proliferation of these weapons until there is a real threat to society. The UN, along with other organizations, calls on states to support the regulation and ban of autonomous weapons systems so it does not violate international humanitarian, legal and human rights law. The hypothesis of the work is that in the discussions of the UN Security Council on the ban on autonomous weapons systems, the moral argument is used more by democracies. In order to test the hypothesis, the positions of the member states of the UN Security Council on autonomous weapons and it’s prohibition were described, as well as the moral argumentation used by the states was analyzed. The first chapter includes a theoretical framework based on the theory of republican liberalism. The main idea of the theory is that democracies do not fight each other. The second chapter includes an insight into the development of autonomous weapons systems, describing the degree of autonomy, as well as an insight into the proliferation of weapons, describing the countries that develop weapons systems, as well as the conflicts in which these weapons have been used. The third chapter describes the ban measures taken within the UN and other organizations. The fourth chapter includes UN Security Council member state’s positions and their used moral argumentation on banning lethal autonomous weapon systems. In conclusion moral argumentation is used more by democracies, which also confirms the theory chosen in the work - republican liberalism, which is based on the idea that democracies do not fight each other. Autonomous weapons systems have many ill-considered problems that could pose a serious threat in the future if they are to be used for military gain.
Autonomous weapon systems, or killer robots, have become a reality from science fiction movies. Countries like Russia, Israel and the United States are investing a lot of money in the development of these weapons. Action is needed to stop the proliferation of these weapons until there is a real threat to society. The UN, along with other organizations, calls on states to support the regulation and ban of autonomous weapons systems so it does not violate international humanitarian, legal and human rights law. The hypothesis of the work is that in the discussions of the UN Security Council on the ban on autonomous weapons systems, the moral argument is used more by democracies. In order to test the hypothesis, the positions of the member states of the UN Security Council on autonomous weapons and it’s prohibition were described, as well as the moral argumentation used by the states was analyzed. The first chapter includes a theoretical framework based on the theory of republican liberalism. The main idea of the theory is that democracies do not fight each other. The second chapter includes an insight into the development of autonomous weapons systems, describing the degree of autonomy, as well as an insight into the proliferation of weapons, describing the countries that develop weapons systems, as well as the conflicts in which these weapons have been used. The third chapter describes the ban measures taken within the UN and other organizations. The fourth chapter includes UN Security Council member state’s positions and their used moral argumentation on banning lethal autonomous weapon systems. In conclusion moral argumentation is used more by democracies, which also confirms the theory chosen in the work - republican liberalism, which is based on the idea that democracies do not fight each other. Autonomous weapons systems have many ill-considered problems that could pose a serious threat in the future if they are to be used for military gain.
Description
Starptautiskās attiecības - Eiropas studijas
International Relations - European Studies
Socioloģija, politoloģija un antropoloģija
Sociology, Politics and Anthropology
International Relations - European Studies
Socioloģija, politoloģija un antropoloģija
Sociology, Politics and Anthropology
Keywords
Atslēgas vārdi: autonomija, autonomās ieroču sistēmas, CCW, morāle, demokrātija, Keywords: autonomy, autonomous weapon systems, CCW, morality, democracy