Atopiskā dermatīta, astmas un pārtikas alerģijas attīstības riska faktori bērna vecumā
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Date
2020
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Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte
Rīga Stradiņš University
Rīga Stradiņš University
Abstract
Ievads. Pēdējā desmitgadē ievērojami pieaugusi tādu alerģisko slimību kā bronhiālās astmas, atopiskā dermatīta un pārtikas alerģijas incidence bērna vecumā. Slimību etioloģijā arvien vairāk tiek uzsvērta apkārtējās vides faktoru, tajā skaitā, cilvēka mikrobioma nozīme, piemēram, nepietiekama saskare ar apkārtējās vides mikroorganismiem bērnībā, piedzimšana ar ķeizargriezienu, limitēta krūts barošana līdz viena gada vecumam, dzīvošana pilsētā un paaugstināts alergēnu daudzums apkārtējā vidē, kā arī makrosomija un aptaukošanās.
Darba mērķis. Analizēt saistību starp alerģisko slimību (atopisko dermatītu, astmu un pārtikas alerģiju bērna vecumā) un tādiem iespējamiem riska faktoriem kā dzimšanas veids un laiks, dzemdību sarežģījumi, bērna dzimums un antropometriskie rādītāji, barošanas veids un alerģisko slimību diagnosticēšanas vecums.
Materiāls un metodes. Retrospektīvā pētījumā tika iekļauti 166 bērni (54% zēnu, 46% meiteņu) no divām ģimenes ārsta praksēm. Bērni tika sadalīti divās grupās, kur vienā grupā 83 bērni slimoja ar alerģiskām slimībām atopisko dermatītu, bronhiālo astmu vai pārtikas alerģiju un kā kontroles grupa tika izvēlēti 83 veseli bērni no tādas pašas vecuma grupas. Tika izveidota anketa ar 10 jautājumiem un atbildes tika reģistrētas no pacientu ambulatorajām kartēm datu veidā Microsoft Excel programmā un tālāk tika apstrādāti izmantojot IBM SPSS Statistics programmas palīdzību. Statistiskajā analīze tika izmantots χ2 tests un aprakstošā statistika.
Rezultāti. Analizējot saistību starp atopisko dermatītu, astmu un pārtikas alerģiju bērna vecumā un riska faktoriem, statistiski ticama (p < 0,01) korelācija tika novērota starp atopisku slimību bērna vecumā un palielinātu dzimšanas svaru( ≥4000g) dzemdībās;
Secinājumi. Lai gan, analizējot saistību starp alerģiskajām slimībām un riska faktoriem, statistiski ticama korelācija tika atrasta tikai starp palielinātu dzimšanas svaru dzemdībās un atopiju bērna vecumā, izlasīto pētījumu rezultāti liecina par pārējo pētīto riska faktoru saistību ar palielinātu atopijas attīstības risku.
Introduction. The incidence of allergic diseases such as bronchial asthma, atopic dermatitis and food allergies in childhood has increased significantly over the last decade. The etiology of diseases increasingly emphasizes the role of environmental factors, including the human microbiome, such as insufficient exposure to environmental micro-organisms in childhood, caesarean birth, limited breastfeeding to one year of age, macrosomy and obesity, urban living and increased allergens in the environment. the environment. The aim of the work. To analyze the relationship between allergic diseases (atopic dermatitis, asthma and food allergies in childhood) and possible risk factors such as type and time of birth, complications of childbirth, sex and anthropometric parameters of the child, type of feeding and age of diagnosis of allergic diseases. Material and methods. The retrospective study included 166 children (54% boys, 46% girls) from two Family medicine practices. The children were divided into two groups, where in one group 83 children had allergic diseases atopic dermatitis, bronchial asthma or food allergies and 83 healthy children from the same age group were selected as a control group. A questionnaire with 10 questions was created and the answers were recorded from patient outpatient cards in the form of data in Microsoft Excel and further processed using IBM SPSS Statistics. The analīze2 test and descriptive statistics were used for statistical analysis. Results. Analyzing the association between atopic dermatitis, asthma and food allergy in childhood and risk factors, a statistically significant (p <0.01) correlation was observed between atopic disease in childhood and increased birth weight (≥4000g) in childbirth; Conclusions. Although, when analyzing the association between allergic diseases and risk factors, a statistically significant correlation was found only between increased birth weight in childbirth and atopy in childhood, the results of the read studies suggest an association of other studied risk factors with increased risk of atopy.
Introduction. The incidence of allergic diseases such as bronchial asthma, atopic dermatitis and food allergies in childhood has increased significantly over the last decade. The etiology of diseases increasingly emphasizes the role of environmental factors, including the human microbiome, such as insufficient exposure to environmental micro-organisms in childhood, caesarean birth, limited breastfeeding to one year of age, macrosomy and obesity, urban living and increased allergens in the environment. the environment. The aim of the work. To analyze the relationship between allergic diseases (atopic dermatitis, asthma and food allergies in childhood) and possible risk factors such as type and time of birth, complications of childbirth, sex and anthropometric parameters of the child, type of feeding and age of diagnosis of allergic diseases. Material and methods. The retrospective study included 166 children (54% boys, 46% girls) from two Family medicine practices. The children were divided into two groups, where in one group 83 children had allergic diseases atopic dermatitis, bronchial asthma or food allergies and 83 healthy children from the same age group were selected as a control group. A questionnaire with 10 questions was created and the answers were recorded from patient outpatient cards in the form of data in Microsoft Excel and further processed using IBM SPSS Statistics. The analīze2 test and descriptive statistics were used for statistical analysis. Results. Analyzing the association between atopic dermatitis, asthma and food allergy in childhood and risk factors, a statistically significant (p <0.01) correlation was observed between atopic disease in childhood and increased birth weight (≥4000g) in childbirth; Conclusions. Although, when analyzing the association between allergic diseases and risk factors, a statistically significant correlation was found only between increased birth weight in childbirth and atopy in childhood, the results of the read studies suggest an association of other studied risk factors with increased risk of atopy.
Description
Medicīna
Medicine
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care
Medicine
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care
Keywords
Atopiskais dermatīts, astma, pārtikas alerģija, slimību attīstības riska faktori bērna vecumā, dati par dzemdībām, Atopic dermatitis, asthma, food allergy, risk factors for the development of disease in childhood, data of childbirth