Relationship of suicide rates with climate and economic variables in Europe during 2000-2012

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dc.contributor.authorFountoulakis, Konstantinos N.
dc.contributor.authorChatzikosta, Isaia
dc.contributor.authorPastiadis, Konstantinos
dc.contributor.authorZanis, Prodromos
dc.contributor.authorKawohl, Wolfram
dc.contributor.authorKerkhof, Ad J.F.M.
dc.contributor.authorNavickas, Alvydas
dc.contributor.authorHöschl, Cyril
dc.contributor.authorLecic-Tosevski, Dusica
dc.contributor.authorSorel, Eliot
dc.contributor.authorRancans, Elmars
dc.contributor.authorPalova, Eva
dc.contributor.authorJuckel, Georg
dc.contributor.authorIsacsson, Goran
dc.contributor.authorJagodic, Helena Korosec
dc.contributor.authorBotezat-Antonescu, Ileana
dc.contributor.authorRybakowski, Janusz
dc.contributor.authorAzorin, Jean Michel
dc.contributor.authorCookson, John
dc.contributor.authorWaddington, John
dc.contributor.authorPregelj, Peter
dc.contributor.authorDemyttenaere, Koen
dc.contributor.authorHranov, Luchezar G.
dc.contributor.authorStevovic, Lidija Injac
dc.contributor.authorPezawas, Lucas
dc.contributor.authorAdida, Marc
dc.contributor.authorFiguera, Maria Luisa
dc.contributor.authorJakovljevic, Miro
dc.contributor.authorVichi, Monica
dc.contributor.authorPerugi, Giulio
dc.contributor.authorAndreassen, Ole A.
dc.contributor.authorVukovic, Olivera
dc.contributor.authorMavrogiorgou, Paraskevi
dc.contributor.authorVarnik, Peeter
dc.contributor.authorDome, Peter
dc.contributor.authorWinkler, Petr
dc.contributor.authorSalokangas, Raimo K.R.
dc.contributor.authorFrom, Tiina
dc.contributor.authorDanileviciute, Vita
dc.contributor.authorGonda, Xenia
dc.contributor.authorRihmer, Zoltan
dc.contributor.authorForsman, Jonas
dc.contributor.authorGrady, Anne
dc.contributor.authorHyphantis, Thomas
dc.contributor.authorDieset, Ingrid
dc.contributor.authorSoendergaard, Susan
dc.contributor.authorPompili, Maurizio
dc.contributor.authorBech, Per
dc.contributor.institutionDepartment of Psychiatry and Narcology
dc.date.accessioned2021-05-07T07:25:00Z
dc.date.available2021-05-07T07:25:00Z
dc.date.issued2016
dc.descriptionPublisher Copyright: © 2016 The Author(s).
dc.description.abstractBackground: It is well known that suicidal rates vary considerably among European countries and the reasons for this are unknown, although several theories have been proposed. The effect of economic variables has been extensively studied but not that of climate. Methods: Data from 29 European countries covering the years 2000-2012 and concerning male and female standardized suicidal rates (according to WHO), economic variables (according World Bank) and climate variables were gathered. The statistical analysis included cluster and principal component analysis and categorical regression. Results: The derived models explained 62.4 % of the variability of male suicidal rates. Economic variables alone explained 26.9 % and climate variables 37.6 %. For females, the respective figures were 41.7, 11.5 and 28.1 %. Male suicides correlated with high unemployment rate in the frame of high growth rate and high inflation and low GDP per capita, while female suicides correlated negatively with inflation. Both male and female suicides correlated with low temperature. Discussion: The current study reports that the climatic effect (cold climate) is stronger than the economic one, but both are present. It seems that in Europe suicidality follows the climate/temperature cline which interestingly is not from south to north but from south to north-east. This raises concerns that climate change could lead to an increase in suicide rates. The current study is essentially the first successful attempt to explain the differences across countries in Europe; however, it is an observational analysis based on aggregate data and thus there is a lack of control for confounders.en
dc.description.statusPeer reviewed
dc.format.extent1024134
dc.identifier.citationFountoulakis, K N, Chatzikosta, I, Pastiadis, K, Zanis, P, Kawohl, W, Kerkhof, A J F M, Navickas, A, Höschl, C, Lecic-Tosevski, D, Sorel, E, Rancans, E, Palova, E, Juckel, G, Isacsson, G, Jagodic, H K, Botezat-Antonescu, I, Rybakowski, J, Azorin, J M, Cookson, J, Waddington, J, Pregelj, P, Demyttenaere, K, Hranov, L G, Stevovic, L I, Pezawas, L, Adida, M, Figuera, M L, Jakovljevic, M, Vichi, M, Perugi, G, Andreassen, O A, Vukovic, O, Mavrogiorgou, P, Varnik, P, Dome, P, Winkler, P, Salokangas, R K R, From, T, Danileviciute, V, Gonda, X, Rihmer, Z, Forsman, J, Grady, A, Hyphantis, T, Dieset, I, Soendergaard, S, Pompili, M & Bech, P 2016, 'Relationship of suicide rates with climate and economic variables in Europe during 2000-2012', Annals of General Psychiatry, vol. 15, no. 1, 19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12991-016-0106-2
dc.identifier.doi10.1186/s12991-016-0106-2
dc.identifier.issn1744-859X
dc.identifier.urihttps://dspace.rsu.lv/jspui/handle/123456789/4117
dc.identifier.urlhttp://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84991760558&partnerID=8YFLogxK
dc.language.isoeng
dc.relation.ispartofAnnals of General Psychiatry
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subjectAusterity
dc.subjectClimate
dc.subjectEurope
dc.subjectSuicide
dc.subject3.3 Health sciences
dc.subject3.2 Clinical medicine
dc.subject1.1. Scientific article indexed in Web of Science and/or Scopus database
dc.subjectPsychiatry and Mental health
dc.subjectSDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being
dc.subjectSDG 8 - Decent Work and Economic Growth
dc.subjectSDG 13 - Climate Action
dc.titleRelationship of suicide rates with climate and economic variables in Europe during 2000-2012en
dc.type/dk/atira/pure/researchoutput/researchoutputtypes/contributiontojournal/article

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