Valsts garantēto tiesību uz veselības aizsardzību un medicīniskās palīdzības minimumu tiesiskie aspekti
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Date
2021
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Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte
Rīga Stradiņš University
Rīga Stradiņš University
Abstract
Tiesības uz veselības aprūpi un veselības aizsardzību ir regulētas ne tikai nacionālajā, bet arī starptautiskajā līmenī. Nacionālajā līmenī veselības aprūpes tiesiskais regulējums ir ļoti detalizēts, taču regulējuma interpretācija un piemērošana saskaņā ar regulējuma mērķi un būtību rada problēmas. Veselības aprūpes un veselības aizsardzības joma ir viena no regulētākajām tiesību jomām, taču tai pat laikā šī joma rada visvairāk neskaidrību.
Tiesības uz valsts garantētu veselības aizsardzību un medicīniskās palīdzības minimuma saņemšanu ir noteiktas Latvijas Republikas Satversmes 111.pantā, šīs tiesības konstitucionālā līmenī regulējot ļoti īsi un kodolīgi: "Valsts aizsargā cilvēku veselību un garantē ikvienam medicīniskās palīdzības minimumu". Līdz ar to šīs normas piepildīšana ar konkrētu saturu paliek likumdevēja ziņā.
Tiesības uz veselības aizsardzību un medicīniskās palīdzības minimuma saņemšanu vienmēr ir bijusi ļoti liela aktualitāte, jo lielai daļai Latvijas iedzīvotāju piekļuve veselības aprūpei ir ierobežota iedzīvotāju finansiālo apstākļu, veselības aprūpes pakalpojumu pieejamības, kā arī citu apstākļu dēļ. Uz minētajām problēmām norāda arī Ekonomiskās sadarbības un attīstības organizācijas (Organisation for Economic Co-operationand Development) veiktais pētījums, kurā tika secināts, ka Latvijas iedzīvotāju paredzamais dzīves ilgums joprojām ir otrais mazākais Eiropā. Turklāt Latvijā ir otrs augstākais ar profilaksi novēršamās mirstības rādītājs Eiropas Savienībā, kā arī ar ārstēšanu novēršamā mirstība ir daudz augstāka nekā vidēji Eiropas Savienībā.
Tiesiskais regulējums, kas regulē tiesības uz veselības aizsardzību un medicīniskās palīdzības minimuma saņemšanu, pastāv, taču nav skaidrs, vai esošais tiesiskais regulējums ir atbilstošs Latvijas Republikas Satversmes 111.pantā garantēto pamattiesību tiesiskajam ietvaram.
Ņemot vērā minēto, autore izvēlējās veikt pētījumu "Valsts garantēto tiesību uz veselības aizsardzību un medicīniskās palīdzības minimumu tiesiskie aspekti", kura mērķis ir izpētīt un analizēt nacionālo un starptautisko tiesisko regulējumu tiesību uz veselības aizsardzību tvērumā, identificēt šo tiesību īstenošanas un piemērošanas problemātiku Latvijas Republikā, kā arī rast problēmjautājumu risinājumus.
Pētījuma ietvaros autore secināja, ka tiesību uz veselības aprūpi un veselības aizsardzību tiesiskajā regulējumā ir konstatējamas šo tiesību īstenošanas un piemērošanas nepilnības, tādēļ no autores puses tika ieteikti problēmjautājumu risinājumi.
Pētījuma apjoms - 101 lappuse.
The right to health care and health protection is regulated not only at national level but also at international level. At national level, the legal framework of health care is highly elaborated, but the interpretation and application of the framework in accordance with the purpose and essence of the framework pose problems. The health care and health protection area is one of most highly regulated fields of law, yet at the same time this field causes most uncertainties. The right to state-guaranteed health protection and receiving a minimum medical assistance is enshrined in Article 111 of the Constitution of the Republic of Latvia where this right is regulated at constitutional level extremely briefly and concisely: “The State shall protect human health and guarantee a basic level of medical assistance for everyone.” Hence, the fulfilment of this provision with specific contents is left to the legislator. The right to health protection and receiving a minimum medical assistance has always been in the spotlight in view of the fact that for a major part of the Latvian population access to health care is limited due to their personal financial situation, availability of health care services and other circumstances. The aforesaid issues have also been pointed out in the study conducted by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development which concludes that the life expectancy of Latvian population is still the second lowest one in Europe. Furthermore, Latvia has the second highest rate of mortality preventable through prophylaxis in the European Union, as well as the rate of mortality preventable through treatment is much higher than on the average in the European Union. The legal framework governing the right to health protection and receiving a minimum medical assistance exists, however it is not clear whether the current legal framework is in accordance consistent with the legal framework of fundamental rights guaranteed under Article 111 of the Constitution of the Republic of Latvia. In the light of the foregoing, the author has chosen to carry out a research “Legal aspects of the state-guaranteed right to health protection and to a minimum medical assistance” which is aimed at scrutinizing and analysing the national and international legal framework in the scope of rights to health protection, identifying the range of issues in implementing and applying these rights, as well as finding solutions to the problematic matters. In the research, the author has concluded that the legal framework governing the right to health protection and receiving a minimum medical assistance has identifiable shortcomings in the implementation and application of these rights and, thus, solutions to the problematic issues were recommended by the author. Volume of the research - 101 pages.
The right to health care and health protection is regulated not only at national level but also at international level. At national level, the legal framework of health care is highly elaborated, but the interpretation and application of the framework in accordance with the purpose and essence of the framework pose problems. The health care and health protection area is one of most highly regulated fields of law, yet at the same time this field causes most uncertainties. The right to state-guaranteed health protection and receiving a minimum medical assistance is enshrined in Article 111 of the Constitution of the Republic of Latvia where this right is regulated at constitutional level extremely briefly and concisely: “The State shall protect human health and guarantee a basic level of medical assistance for everyone.” Hence, the fulfilment of this provision with specific contents is left to the legislator. The right to health protection and receiving a minimum medical assistance has always been in the spotlight in view of the fact that for a major part of the Latvian population access to health care is limited due to their personal financial situation, availability of health care services and other circumstances. The aforesaid issues have also been pointed out in the study conducted by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development which concludes that the life expectancy of Latvian population is still the second lowest one in Europe. Furthermore, Latvia has the second highest rate of mortality preventable through prophylaxis in the European Union, as well as the rate of mortality preventable through treatment is much higher than on the average in the European Union. The legal framework governing the right to health protection and receiving a minimum medical assistance exists, however it is not clear whether the current legal framework is in accordance consistent with the legal framework of fundamental rights guaranteed under Article 111 of the Constitution of the Republic of Latvia. In the light of the foregoing, the author has chosen to carry out a research “Legal aspects of the state-guaranteed right to health protection and to a minimum medical assistance” which is aimed at scrutinizing and analysing the national and international legal framework in the scope of rights to health protection, identifying the range of issues in implementing and applying these rights, as well as finding solutions to the problematic matters. In the research, the author has concluded that the legal framework governing the right to health protection and receiving a minimum medical assistance has identifiable shortcomings in the implementation and application of these rights and, thus, solutions to the problematic issues were recommended by the author. Volume of the research - 101 pages.
Description
Tiesību zinātne
Law Science
Tiesību zinātne
Law Science
Law Science
Tiesību zinātne
Law Science
Keywords
veselības aizsardzība, medicīniskās palīdzības minimums, valsts garantētās pamattiesības, right to health, the receipt pf a minimum medical treatment, State guaranteed right to health