Drošības nauda kā procesuāla piespiedu līdzekļa apcietinājuma aizstājējs
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Date
2021
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Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte
Rīga Stradiņš University
Rīga Stradiņš University
Abstract
Maģistra darba tēma ir „Drošības nauda kā procesuāla piespiedu līdekļa apcietinājuma aizstājējs”. Darba mērķis ir izpētīt normatīvo regulējumu un pastāvošo tiesu praksi kriminālprocesos, kuros, izskatot jautājumu par drošības līdzekļa – apcietinājuma, piemērošanu aizdomās turētajai vai apsūdzētajai personai, tiek vērtēta iespēja noteikt drošības naudu, kā apcietinājuma aizstājēju.
Izvēlētās tēmas aktuālitāte pamatota ar to, ka Latvijas tiesu praksē salīdzinoši reti, saskaņā ar veiktās aptaujas datiem vidēji 2 – 3 gadījumi no 10, tiek skatīts jautājums par apcietinājuma aizstāšanu ar drošības naudu, tomēr publiskajā telpā ar vien biežāk tiek izklāstīti apstākļi par kādas personas atbrīvošanu pret drošības naudu, turklāt, kā rāda tiesu prakse, tad drošības naudas apmērs svārstās no 150 EUR līdz pat 500 000 EUR, bet normatīvajos aktos nav reglamentēti skaidri kritēriji drošības naudas apmēra noteikšanai un nav arī izstrādātas konkrētas vadlīnijas. Drošības naudas apmēra noteikšana ir katra izmeklēšanas tiesneša, kurš lemj par drošības līdzekļa piemērošanu, subjektīvs vērtējums, vadoties tikai pēc vispārīgiem drošības līdzekļu piemērošanas pamatiem un vērtējot izdarītā noziedzīga nodarījuma raksturu, smaguma pakāpi un ar to radīto kaitējumu, piemērojamā soda veidu un mēru, kā arī pēc krimināllietā noskaidrotajiem aizdomās turētā vai apsūdzētā personību raksturojošajiem datiem, izvērtējot viņa mantisko stāvokli.
Maģistra darba izstrādes gaitā skaidroti apstākļi, kas ir par pamatu, kādēļ drošības nauda, kā apcietinājuma aizstājējs Latvijā tiek pielietots salīdzinoši nelielā skaitā gadījumu, bet citu valstu prakse rāda, ka viņiem drošības naudas piemērošanas iespēja tiek izvērtēta gandrīz katrā gadījumā, kad vien likums un attiecīgie apstākļi to pieļauj. Darba izstrādes gaitā identificētas vairākas problēmas, kas saistītas ar nepietiekamu un nepilnīgu tiesisko regulējumu drošības naudas apmēra noteikšanā, jo analoģiskās krimināllietās un pie līdzīgiem personību raksturojošajiem datiem, pastāv atšķirīga tiesu prakse noteiktajos drošības naudas apmēros, papildus tam tik konstatētas nepilnības drošības naudas izcelsmes noteikšanas jomā.
Maģistra darba nobeigumā tiek analizēts sasniegtais darba mērķis un izvirzītie uzdevumi, izdarīti secinājumi un izvirzīti priekšlikumi konstatēto problēmu risināšanai.
Maģistra darba pamatteksts sastāv no 80 lapaspusēm – ievads, četras nodaļas, piecpadsmit apakšnodaļas un nobeigums.
The topic of the Master's thesis is "Security deposit as a coercive procedural measure replacement". The aim of the work is to explore regulatory framework and the existing court practice in criminal proceedings, in which, considering the issue of application of security measure - detention of a suspect or the accused person, the possibility of setting a security deposit as a substitute for detention is assessed. The topicality of the chosen topic is based on the fact that in Latvian court practice during the course of recent years the issue of applying a bail replacing detention has been decided relatively rarely, according to the survey data, on average 2 - 3 cases out of 10, the issue of replacing detention with a bail is considered, however, the conditions for the release of a person against a bail are increasingly presented in the public sphere, moreover, as the case law shows the amount of bail varies from 150 EUR up to 500 000 EUR, but the regulatory enactments does not provide clear criteria for determining the amount of the security, nor does it develop specific guidelines. The determination of the amount of the security deposit is a subjective assessment of each investigating judge, who decides on the application of a security measure, based only on the general grounds for the application of security measures and assessing the nature of the offense committed, the severity of the damage and the damage the type and extent of the penalty to be imposed, as well as according to the personal data characterizing the suspect or accused ascertained in the criminal case, assessing his or her property situation. During the elaboration of the master's thesis, the circumstances are explained, which is the reason why bail is used as a substitute for detention in Latvia in a relatively small number of cases, but the practice of other countries shows that bail is evaluated almost in every case. During the elaboration of the work, several problems related to insufficient and incomplete legal regulation in determining the amount of bail have been identified, because in analogous criminal cases and with similar personality data, there is a different case law in determining the amount of bail. The analysis of the achived goal and the tasks, conclusions, and proposals for the solving of the identified problems, are provided in the end of the work. The main text of the Master's thesis consists of 80 pages - introduction, four chapters, fifteen subsections and a conclusion.
The topic of the Master's thesis is "Security deposit as a coercive procedural measure replacement". The aim of the work is to explore regulatory framework and the existing court practice in criminal proceedings, in which, considering the issue of application of security measure - detention of a suspect or the accused person, the possibility of setting a security deposit as a substitute for detention is assessed. The topicality of the chosen topic is based on the fact that in Latvian court practice during the course of recent years the issue of applying a bail replacing detention has been decided relatively rarely, according to the survey data, on average 2 - 3 cases out of 10, the issue of replacing detention with a bail is considered, however, the conditions for the release of a person against a bail are increasingly presented in the public sphere, moreover, as the case law shows the amount of bail varies from 150 EUR up to 500 000 EUR, but the regulatory enactments does not provide clear criteria for determining the amount of the security, nor does it develop specific guidelines. The determination of the amount of the security deposit is a subjective assessment of each investigating judge, who decides on the application of a security measure, based only on the general grounds for the application of security measures and assessing the nature of the offense committed, the severity of the damage and the damage the type and extent of the penalty to be imposed, as well as according to the personal data characterizing the suspect or accused ascertained in the criminal case, assessing his or her property situation. During the elaboration of the master's thesis, the circumstances are explained, which is the reason why bail is used as a substitute for detention in Latvia in a relatively small number of cases, but the practice of other countries shows that bail is evaluated almost in every case. During the elaboration of the work, several problems related to insufficient and incomplete legal regulation in determining the amount of bail have been identified, because in analogous criminal cases and with similar personality data, there is a different case law in determining the amount of bail. The analysis of the achived goal and the tasks, conclusions, and proposals for the solving of the identified problems, are provided in the end of the work. The main text of the Master's thesis consists of 80 pages - introduction, four chapters, fifteen subsections and a conclusion.
Description
Tiesību zinātne
Law Science
Tiesību zinātne
Law Science
Law Science
Tiesību zinātne
Law Science
Keywords
Drošības nauda, Security deposit