Fasting-Mimicking Diet Reduces Trimethylamine N-Oxide Levels and Improves Serum Biochemical Parameters in Healthy Volunteers

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dc.contributor.authorVideja, Melita
dc.contributor.authorSevostjanovs, Eduards
dc.contributor.authorUpmale-Engela, Sabine
dc.contributor.authorLiepinsh, Edgars
dc.contributor.authorKonrade, Ilze
dc.contributor.authorDambrova, Maija
dc.contributor.institutionFaculty of Pharmacy
dc.contributor.institutionDepartment of Internal Diseases
dc.date.accessioned2022-08-16T21:02:44Z
dc.date.available2022-08-16T21:02:44Z
dc.date.issued2022-03-01
dc.descriptionFunding Information: Funding: This study was performed within the Latvian Council of Science project “Trimethylamine-N-oxide as a link between unhealthy diet and cardiometabolic risks” No. Izp-2018/1-0081, supervised by M.D.; and M.V. received funding from the European Social Fund and the state budget within the project No. 8.2.2.0/20/I/004 “Support for involving doctoral students in scientific research and studies”. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 by the authors.
dc.description.abstractElevated plasma levels of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) have been proposed as a diet-derived biomarker of cardiometabolic disease risk. Caloric restriction is the most common dietary intervention used to improve cardiometabolic health; however, novel trends suggest a fasting-mimicking diet (FMD) as a more feasible alternative. FMD is a variation of intermittent fasting, based on caloric restriction and limitation of protein sources of animal origin, applied in daily cycles during a 5-day period. As TMAO is intensively produced by gut microbiota after the consumption of animal-derived products, we aim to investigate whether a 5-day FMD affects plasma TMAO levels and markers of metabolic health. To investigate whether an increase in vegetable intake possesses similar effects on TMAO levels and metabolic parameters, healthy volunteers (n = 24) were subjected to a 5-day FMD and 19 volunteers served as a reference group (VEG). This group of volunteers consumed an additional four servings of vegetables per day, but otherwise stayed on their usual diet. FMD resulted in a twofold decrease in plasma TMAO levels, which was not evident in the volunteers from the VEG group. Moreover, FMD led to a weight loss of 2.8 ± 0.2 kg and a subsequent reduction in BMI compared to baseline. The FMD group exhibited a significant elevation in plasma ketone bodies (14-fold compared to baseline) and a decrease in IGF-1 levels by 37 ± 8 ng/mL. Since fasting glucose and C-peptide levels decreased, all volunteers in the FMD group showed improved insulin sensitivity and a decreased HOMA-IR index. In contrast, in the VEG group, only a slight reduction in plasma levels of fasting glucose and triglycerides was noted. In conclusion, we show that FMD is a viable strategy to reduce plasma levels of TMAO by limiting caloric intake and animal-derived protein consumption. The reduction in the level of TMAO could be an additional benefit of FMD, leading to a reduced risk of cardiometabolic diseases.en
dc.description.statusPeer reviewed
dc.format.extent2514617
dc.identifier.citationVideja, M, Sevostjanovs, E, Upmale-Engela, S, Liepinsh, E, Konrade, I & Dambrova, M 2022, 'Fasting-Mimicking Diet Reduces Trimethylamine N-Oxide Levels and Improves Serum Biochemical Parameters in Healthy Volunteers', Nutrients, vol. 14, no. 5, 1093. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu14051093
dc.identifier.doi10.3390/nu14051093
dc.identifier.issn2072-6643
dc.identifier.urihttps://dspace.rsu.lv/jspui/handle/123456789/9391
dc.identifier.urlhttp://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85125937374&partnerID=8YFLogxK
dc.language.isoeng
dc.relation.ispartofNutrients
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subjectCardiometabolic risk
dc.subjectFasting-mimicking diet
dc.subjectInsulin sensitivity
dc.subjectTrimethylamine N-oxide
dc.subjectWeight loss
dc.subject3.1 Basic medicine
dc.subject3.3 Health sciences
dc.subject1.1. Scientific article indexed in Web of Science and/or Scopus database
dc.subjectFood Science
dc.subjectNutrition and Dietetics
dc.titleFasting-Mimicking Diet Reduces Trimethylamine N-Oxide Levels and Improves Serum Biochemical Parameters in Healthy Volunteersen
dc.type/dk/atira/pure/researchoutput/researchoutputtypes/contributiontojournal/article

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