Sāpju novērtēšana fizioterapijas praksē
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Date
2022
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Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte
Rīga Stradiņš University
Rīga Stradiņš University
Abstract
Darba nosaukums: “Sāpju novērtēšana fizioterapijas praksē.” Aktualitāte: Biopsihosociālais
modelis atpazīst sāpes kā subjektīvu simptomu, kuru veido dažādu psiholoģisko, fizisko, vides un
sociālo faktoru mijiedarbība. Sāpju novērtēšana un ārstēšana ir viens no galvenajiem iemesliem,
kāpēc pacienti meklē medicīnisku palīdzību. Pēdējos gados ievērojamu popularitāti guvušās
viendimensionālās numeriskās sāpju skalas (Numeriskā sāpju skala un Vizuāli analogā sāpju skala)
nesniedz pilnvērtīgu ieskatu pacienta ciešanās. Sāpju stiprums var nebūt tiešs atspoguļojums fiziskā
bojājuma pakāpei, un nekorelē ar individuālo sāpju tolerances līmeni. Turklāt, numeriskās sāpju
skalas nav iespējams pielietot gadījumos, kad pacientam ir grūtības komunicēt. Šobrīd ir izstrādāti
vairāki instrumenti, kas ļauj sāpes izvērtēt pēc citām pazīmēm, kas var ietvert un neietvert pacienta
interviju. Sāpju novērtēšanā joprojām nepastāv vienots zelta standarts. Precīzai sāpju izvērtēšanai
nepieciešams veikt piemērotākā instrumenta atlasi, pretstatot to pacienta individuālajam
gadījumam. Šādu izvēli ir iespējams veikt, ja ir apzināti visi faktori, pēc kuriem iespējams izvērtēt
sāpes. Šis pētījums ir veidots ar mērķi apzināt sāpju faktorus, pēc kuriem var tikt veikta sāpju
novērtēšana fizioterapijas praksē. Pētījuma jautājums: noskaidrot kādus faktorus fizioterapeiti
izvērtē veicot sāpju novērtēšanu. Papildjautājumi: Kas ir visbiežāk pielietotie standartizētie sāpju
novērtēšanas instrumenti? Pēc kādiem faktoriem ir iespējams detektēt sāpes? Pētījuma mērķis:
aptaujāt Latvijā strādājošus fizioterapeitus par sāpju novērtēšanu klīniskajā praksē. Pētījuma
metode: aptaujas anketa. Pētījuma dalībnieki: Latvijas Valsts republikā praktizējoši fizioterapeiti.
Skaits: 42. Iekļaušanas kritēriji: nodarbināti kā fizioterapeiti valsts vai privātajā praksē. Pārvalda
latviešu valodu. Procedūra: Standartizēto sāpju novērtēšanas instrumentu un sāpju faktoru
apzināšana, tiešsaites aptaujas anketas izstrāde un izplatīšana, datu analīze programmās SPSS
Statistics 27, un LibreOffice Calc. Pētījuma rezultāti: Visbiežāk pielietotie standartizētie sāpju
novērtēšanas instrumenti ir Vizuāli Analogā Sāpju skala (VAS) un Numeriskā Sāpju skala (NRS).
Fizioterapeiti sāpju novērtēšanu veic multidimensionāli. Secinājumi: Fizioterapeitu pielietotie
standartizētie instrumenti ne vienmēr atspoguļo pilno sāpju novērtēšanas ainu. Pielietojamība:
Pilnīga sāpju faktoru apzināšanās palīdz izvēlēties piemērotāko instrumentu sāpju novērtēšanai.
Title: “Pain assessment in physical therapy practice.” Relevance: The Biopsychosocial model recognises pain as a subjective symptom, which consists of interaction between different psychological, physical, environmental and social aspects. Pain assessment and treatment is one of the main reasons, why patients seek medical assistance. In the recent years, unidimensional numerical pain scales (Numeric Pain Scale and Visual Analogue Pain scale) have grown in popularity, yet they cannot represent the actual suffering of patients. Pain intensity may not reflect the actual scale of physical damage, and it does not correlate with the individual level of pain tolerance. Moreover, numerical pain scales are not applicable in cases where a patient has a difficulty to communicate. Currently several pain assessment tools have been developed, which allow to assess pain using different criteria, which may or may not include an interview with the patient. There is no single golden standard for assessing pain. For accurate pain assesmet, a suitable tool needs to be selected for each individual case. Identifying all pain factors, which can be assesed, make this choice possible. The question of research: identify, what factors do physical therapists evaluate during pain assessment. Additional questions: What are the most popular pain assessment tools? By which factors can pain be identified? The aim of study: To conduct a questioner among working physical therapists in Latvia about pain assessment in clinical practice. Method: questioner. Participants: physical therapists who currently work in Republic of Latvia. Amount of participants: 42. Inclusion criteria: physical therapists who are employed in state or private practice and speak Latvian. Procedure: Identification of standardized pain assessment tools and factors of pain, development and conduction of an online questionnaire, analysis of data in programs SPSS Statistics 27 and LibreOffice Calc. Results: Visual Analogue Pain scale (VAS) and the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NRS) are most often used standardized tools for pain assessment. Physical therapists assess pain by multiple pain factors. Conclusion: The standardized tools applied by physical therapists do not always reflect the whole procedure of pain assessment. Application: A complete identification of pain contributing factors is needed to make an informed decision about the aplication of standardized pain assessment tools.
Title: “Pain assessment in physical therapy practice.” Relevance: The Biopsychosocial model recognises pain as a subjective symptom, which consists of interaction between different psychological, physical, environmental and social aspects. Pain assessment and treatment is one of the main reasons, why patients seek medical assistance. In the recent years, unidimensional numerical pain scales (Numeric Pain Scale and Visual Analogue Pain scale) have grown in popularity, yet they cannot represent the actual suffering of patients. Pain intensity may not reflect the actual scale of physical damage, and it does not correlate with the individual level of pain tolerance. Moreover, numerical pain scales are not applicable in cases where a patient has a difficulty to communicate. Currently several pain assessment tools have been developed, which allow to assess pain using different criteria, which may or may not include an interview with the patient. There is no single golden standard for assessing pain. For accurate pain assesmet, a suitable tool needs to be selected for each individual case. Identifying all pain factors, which can be assesed, make this choice possible. The question of research: identify, what factors do physical therapists evaluate during pain assessment. Additional questions: What are the most popular pain assessment tools? By which factors can pain be identified? The aim of study: To conduct a questioner among working physical therapists in Latvia about pain assessment in clinical practice. Method: questioner. Participants: physical therapists who currently work in Republic of Latvia. Amount of participants: 42. Inclusion criteria: physical therapists who are employed in state or private practice and speak Latvian. Procedure: Identification of standardized pain assessment tools and factors of pain, development and conduction of an online questionnaire, analysis of data in programs SPSS Statistics 27 and LibreOffice Calc. Results: Visual Analogue Pain scale (VAS) and the Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NRS) are most often used standardized tools for pain assessment. Physical therapists assess pain by multiple pain factors. Conclusion: The standardized tools applied by physical therapists do not always reflect the whole procedure of pain assessment. Application: A complete identification of pain contributing factors is needed to make an informed decision about the aplication of standardized pain assessment tools.
Description
Fizioterapija
Physiotherapy
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care
Physiotherapy
Veselības aprūpe
Health Care
Keywords
sāpes, sāpju novērtēšana, standartizētie instrumenti, sāpju novērtēšanas instrumenti, pain, pain assesment, standartized tools, pain assesment tools