Healthy and Osteoarthritis-Affected Joints Facing the Cellular Crosstalk
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Date
2023-02-18
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Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic, progressive, severely debilitating, and multifactorial joint disease that is recognized as the most common type of arthritis. During the last decade, it shows an incremental global rise in prevalence and incidence. The interaction between etiologic factors that mediate joint degradation has been explored in numerous studies. However, the underlying processes that induce OA remain obscure, largely due to the variety and complexity of these mechanisms. During synovial joint dysfunction, the osteochondral unit undergoes cellular phenotypic and functional alterations. At the cellular level, the synovial membrane is influenced by cartilage and subchondral bone cleavage fragments and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation products from apoptotic and necrotic cells. These "foreign bodies" serve as danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) that trigger innate immunity, eliciting and sustaining low-grade inflammation in the synovium. In this review, we explore the cellular and molecular communication networks established between the major joint compartments-the synovial membrane, cartilage, and subchondral bone of normal and OA-affected joints.
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Funding Information: This study was supported by Rīga Stradiņš University Internal Research Grant Nr. 6-ZD-22/3/2022 “Identification of specific osteoarthritis phenotypes and disease endotypes tackled using the molecular and cellular assessment of the synovium-cartilage-bone interplay by correlation-based network analysis”. The article processing charge was covered by Rīga Stradiņš University Research Department. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 by the authors.
Keywords
Humans, Cartilage, Articular/metabolism, Osteoarthritis/metabolism, Joints/metabolism, Synovial Membrane/metabolism, Bone and Bones/metabolism, Inflammation/metabolism, 3.1 Basic medicine, 1.1. Scientific article indexed in Web of Science and/or Scopus database
Citation
Semenistaja, S, Skuja, S, Kadiša, A & Groma, V 2023, 'Healthy and Osteoarthritis-Affected Joints Facing the Cellular Crosstalk', International Journal of Molecular Sciences, vol. 24, no. 4, 4120. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24044120, https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24044120