Socrates. 2022, 3 (24)

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Browsing Socrates. 2022, 3 (24) by Subject "crime prevention"

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    Concept, System and Principles of Crime Prevention
    (Rīga Stradiņš University, 2022) Matvejevs, Aleksandrs; Faculty of Social Sciences, Department of Law, Daugavpils University, Latvia
    This article raises two main questions. The first concerns the current idea that punishment ‒ conceived as the loss of liberty ‒ has an effect in preventing unlawful behaviour. It can be shown that, in general, sanctions have a poor individual preventive effect. As to general prevention, punishment may be expected to have a deterrent effect when the unlawful behaviour is the result of a rational decision, that is, a decision based on a cost-benefit analysis. However, a wide variety of factors, from group support to situational and systemic factors, may very well counteract the threatening effect of the sanction. The second question concerns the crime control model focusing on having an efficient system, with the most important function control crime to ensure that society is safe and there is public order. Under this model, controlling crime is more important to individual freedom. This model is a more conservative perspective to protect society and make sure individuals feel free from the threat of crime. The results of this research underline the necessity for new concepts, including situational crime prevention, that must be accommodated within the academic and political discourses on crime control.
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    Modern View of System of Crime Prevention Subjects
    (Rīga Stradiņš University, 2022) Lytvynov, Oleksii; Spitsyna, Hanna; Butenko, Viktor; Head of the Department of Science and Education of Kharkiv Regional State Administration, Ukraine; Law Department of National Aerospace University “Kharkiv Aviation Institute”, Ukraine; Postgraduate student of Kharkiv National University of Internal Affairs, Ukraine
    The article carries out a system-structural analysis of crime prevention subjects as a basic criminological category. The main scientific approaches to the definition of crime prevention subjects have been defined and analysed: as a collection of crime prevention subjects and as a corresponding system of these subjects. Expediency of subjects’ consideration operating in the sphere of crime prevention as a socially determined hierarchical system has been argued. It has been proved that systematic approach to solving this issue allows to determine the place and role of the specified subjects in the general structure of crime prevention, to outline their functional connections, overcome the possible duplication of performed functions and if it is necessary to strengthen the influence on a certain segment of criminogenic factors. The role of citizens as autonomous subjects of crime prevention has been analysed. Expediency of including citizens in the system of crime prevention subjects through the category of citizenship, which in the studied aspect is proposed to be understood as the internal conscientious attitude of a person to the fulfillment of their civic duty in the field of crime prevention, has been determined. The article develops the author’s understanding of the concepts of the subject of crime prevention and the system of crime prevention subjects. The aim of the article is to develop one’s own understanding of the concepts of crime prevention subjects and the system of crime prevention subjects that meet today’s needs. Set of general scientific and special scientific methods of cognition was used for achieving the goal and objectives. The starting point was the dialectical method, according to which all the problematic issues that will be addressed in this article are presented in the form of unity of their content and legal form. The logical and semantic method was used for defining and deepening the conceptual apparatus; sociological (study of official, scientific and bibliographic sources) – while collecting and accumulating scientific information about the object and subject of the research; logical and legal – while developing scientifically substantiated proposals for improvement of current legislation, etc.