Browsing by Author "Vilkoite, Ilona"

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    Age-Based Comparative Analysis of Colorectal Cancer Colonoscopy Screening Findings
    (2023-11-16) Vilkoite, Ilona; Tolmanis, Ivars; Abu Meri, Hosams; Polaka, Inese; Mezmale, Linda; Lejnieks, Aivars; Department of Doctoral Studies; Department of Internal Diseases
    Background and Objectives: Colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence is rapidly emerging among individuals <50 years, termed as early-onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC). This study aimed to probe variations in tumorigenic pathology and relevant manifestations (polyp and adenoma incidence) between suspected cases of EOCRC and late-onset CRC (LOCRC; ≥50 years of age). Materials and Methods: Between September 2022 and February 2023, colonoscopy-based screening data from 1653 patients were included in this study. All eligible participants were divided into two groups, depending upon patient age, where Group 1 consisted of 1021 patients aged <50 years while Group 2 consisted of 632 patients aged ≥ 50 years. Polyp samples were collected when identified peri-procedurally and characterized according to World Health Organization criteria. Results: Polyp detection rate was 42% for the <50-year age group, while this was 76% for the ≥50-year age group. Additionally, the <50-year age group predominated in hyperplastic polyp manifestation, particularly within the rectum and sigmoid colon. In addition, the ≥50-year age group had increased prevalence of serrated polyps and differing adenoma manifestations. Conclusions: This investigation served to highlight the importance of age stratification for CRC colonoscopy-based screening effectiveness, with particular reference to evaluations that are based on polyp localization within differing colon regions.
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    Breath Fingerprint of Colorectal Cancer Patients Based on the Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Analysis
    (2024-02) Kononova, Elīna; Mežmale, Linda; Poļaka, Inese; Veliks, Viktors; Anarkulova, Linda; Vilkoite, Ilona; Tolmanis, Ivars; Ļeščinska, Anna Marija; Stonāns, Ilmārs; Pčolkins, Andrejs; Mochalski, Pawel; Leja, Mārcis; Department of Doctoral Studies; Faculty of Medicine
    The human body emits a multitude of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) via tissues and various bodily fluids or exhaled breath. These compounds collectively create a distinctive chemical profile, which can potentially be employed to identify changes in human metabolism associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) and, consequently, facilitate the diagnosis of this disease. The main goal of this study was to investigate and characterize the VOCs’ chemical patterns associated with the breath of CRC patients and controls and identify potential expiratory markers of this disease. For this purpose, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry was applied. Collectively, 1656 distinct compounds were identified in the breath samples provided by 152 subjects. Twenty-two statistically significant VOCs (p-xylene; hexanal; 2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane; 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol diisobutyrate; hexadecane; nonane; ethylbenzene; cyclohexanone; diethyl phthalate; 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one; tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one; 2-butanone; benzaldehyde; dodecanal; benzothiazole; tetradecane; 1-dodecanol; 1-benzene; 3-methylcyclopentyl acetate; 1-nonene; toluene) were observed at higher concentrations in the exhaled breath of the CRC group. The elevated levels of these VOCs in CRC patients’ breath suggest the potential for these compounds to serve as biomarkers for CRC.
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    Comparison of nice classification for optical diagnosis of colorectal polyps and morphology of removed lesions depending on localisation in colon
    (2022-12-01) Vilkoite, Ilona; Mezmale, Linda; Tolmanis, Ivars; Meri, Hosams Abu; Veide, Laura; Dzerve, Zane; Anarkulova, Linda; Nevidovska, Kristīne; Lejnieks, Aivars; Department of Doctoral Studies; Department of Internal Diseases
    The narrow-band imaging (NBI) International Colorectal Endoscopic (NICE) classification is based on narrow-band pictures of colon polyps viewed through a narrow-band spectrum. The categorisation utilises staining, surface structure, and vascular patterns to differentiate between hyperplastic and adenomatous colon polyps. It is known that accuracy of the NICE classification for colorectal polyps varies depending on the localisation in the colon.The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of the NICE classification and the gold standard - morphological analysis for the determination of the type of colorectal lesions depending on localisation in colon. A prospective study was performed in an outpatient clinic. 1214 colonoscopies were performed by two expert endoscopists and 475 polyps were found in 291 patients. The overall diagnostic accuracy of the NICE classification was 80.3%. Optical verification was better in ascending colon - 93.9%, followed by sigmoid colon - 82.1%. Inferior results were found for the descending colon - 64.0%. The results of this study showed that the NICE classification could be a helpful instrument in daily practice for the ascending and sigmoid colon. For better results, proper training should be considered. The NICE system could have a role in the replacement of morphological analysis if appropriate results of verification could be achieved.
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    Modular Point-of-Care Breath Analyzer and Shape Taxonomy-Based Machine Learning for Gastric Cancer Detection
    (2022-02) Polaka, Inese; Bhandari, Manohar Prasad; Mezmale, Linda; Anarkulova, Linda; Veliks, Viktors; Sivins, Armands; Lescinska, Anna Marija; Tolmanis, Ivars; Vilkoite, Ilona; Ivanovs, Igors; Padilla, Marta; Mitrovics, Jan; Shani, Gidi; Haick, Hossam; Leja, Marcis; Department of Internal Diseases; Department of Doctoral Studies
    Background: Gastric cancer is one of the deadliest malignant diseases, and the non-invasive screening and diagnostics options for it are limited. In this article, we present a multi-modular device for breath analysis coupled with a machine learning approach for the detection of cancer-specific breath from the shapes of sensor response curves (taxonomies of clusters). Methods: We analyzed the breaths of 54 gastric cancer patients and 85 control group participants. The analysis was carried out using a breath analyzer with gold nanoparticle and metal oxide sensors. The response of the sensors was analyzed on the basis of the curve shapes and other features commonly used for comparison. These features were then used to train machine learning models using Naïve Bayes classifiers, Support Vector Machines and Random Forests. Results: The accuracy of the trained models reached 77.8% (sensitivity: up to 66.54%; specificity: up to 92.39%). The use of the proposed shape-based features improved the accuracy in most cases, especially the overall accuracy and sensitivity. Conclusions: The results show that this point-of-care breath analyzer and data analysis approach constitute a promising combination for the detection of gastric cancer-specific breath. The cluster taxonomy-based sensor reaction curve representation improved the results, and could be used in other similar applications.
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    Pepsinogen testing for evaluation of the success of Helicobacter pylori eradication at 4 weeks after completion of therapy
    (2014) Leja, Marcis; Lapina, Sanita; Polaka, Inese; Rudzite, Dace; Vilkoite, Ilona; Daugule, Ilva; Belkovets, Anna; Pimanov, Sergey; Makarenko, Jelena; Tolmanis, Ivars; Lejnieks, Aivars; Boka, Viesturs; Rumba-Rozenfelde, Ingrida; Vikmanis, Uldis; Rīga Stradiņš University
    Background and objective: Pepsinogen levels in plasma are increased by inflammation in the gastric mucosa, including inflammation resulting from Helicobacter pylori infection. A decrease in pepsinogen II level has been suggested as a reliable marker to confirm the successful eradication of infection. The aim of our study was to evaluate the potential role of pepsinogens I and II, gastrin-17 and H. pylori antibodies in confirming successful eradication. Material and methods: Altogether 42 patients (25 women, 17 men), mean age 45 years (range 23-74), were enrolled. Pepsinogens I and II, gastrin-17 and H. pylori IgG antibodies were measured in plasma samples using an ELISA test (Biohit, Oyj., Finland) before the eradication and 4 weeks after completing the treatment. The success of eradication was determined by a urea breath test. Results: Eradication was successful in 31 patients (74%) and unsuccessful in 11 patients (26%). Pepsinogen II decreased significantly in both the successful (P = 0.029) and unsuccessful (P = 0.042) eradication groups. Pepsinogen I decreased significantly in the successful (P = 0.025) but not the unsuccessful (P = 0.29) eradication group. The pepsinogen I/II ratio increased in the successful eradication group (P = 0.0018) but not in the group in which treatment failed (P = 0.12). There were no differences in gastrin-17 or H. pylori antibody values. Conclusions: A decrease in pepsinogen II levels cannot be used as a reliable marker for the successful eradication of H. pylori 4 weeks after the completion of treatment. The increase in pepsinogen I/II ratio reflects differences in pepsinogen production following the eradication irrespective of improvement in atrophy.
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    The Role of an Artificial Intelligence Method of Improving the Diagnosis of Neoplasms by Colonoscopy
    (2023-02-13) Vilkoite, Ilona; Tolmanis, Ivars; Meri, Hosams Abu; Polaka, Inese; Mezmale, Linda; Anarkulova, Linda; Leja, Marcis; Lejnieks, Aivars; Department of Doctoral Studies; Department of Internal Diseases
    BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide. Colonoscopy is the gold standard examination that reduces the morbidity and mortality of CRC. Artificial intelligence (AI) could be useful in reducing the errors of the specialist and in drawing attention to the suspicious area. METHODS: A prospective single-center randomized controlled study was conducted in an outpatient endoscopy unit with the aim of evaluating the usefulness of AI-assisted colonoscopy in PDR and ADR during the day time. It is important to understand how already available CADe systems improve the detection of polyps and adenomas in order to make a decision about their routine use in practice. In the period from October 2021 to February 2022, 400 examinations (patients) were included in the study. One hundred and ninety-four patients were examined using the ENDO-AID CADe artificial intelligence device (study group), and 206 patients were examined without the artificial intelligence (control group). RESULTS: None of the analyzed indicators (PDR and ADR during morning and afternoon colonoscopies) showed differences between the study and control groups. There was an increase in PDR during afternoon colonoscopies, as well as ADR during morning and afternoon colonoscopies. CONCLUSIONS: Based on our results, the use of AI systems in colonoscopies is recommended, especially in circumstances of an increase of examinations. Additional studies with larger groups of patients at night are needed to confirm the already available data.